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3:1 [Vae civitas sanguinum, universa mendacii dilaceratione plena ! non recedet a te rapina.
* Footnotes
*H Woe to thee, O city of blood, all full of lies and violence: rapine shall not depart from thee.
Ver. 1. Blood. Nemrod established his power by shedding blood. Gen. x. Ninus, who built Ninive, and his successors were also bloody. After 1200 years the empire decayed under Sardanapalus, as historians agree. Yet it continued longer, according to the Scriptures and Ribera, till the Chaldees destroyed it, when it had subsisted about 1440 years. It was even possessed of great power after the return of the Jews from Babylon, as Eus. S. Aug. V. Bede, &c. write. W. — Depart. Sept. "be touched." H. — He continues the metaphor of the lion seizing its prey. Here the last chapter should end.
Ὦ πόλις αἱμάτων, ὅλη ψευδὴς, ἀδικίας πλήρης, οὐ ψηλαφηθήσεται θήρα.
ה֖וֹי עִ֣יר דָּמִ֑ים כֻּלָּ֗/הּ כַּ֤חַשׁ פֶּ֨רֶק֙ מְלֵאָ֔ה לֹ֥א יָמִ֖ישׁ טָֽרֶף
3:2 Vox flagelli, et vox impetus rotae, et equi frementis, et quadrigae ferventis, et equitis ascendentis,
*H The noise of the whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the neighing horse; and of the running chariot, and of the horsemen coming up,
Ver. 2. The noise. He has described the forces of Ninive, now he specifies those of Cyaxares and Nabopolassar.
Φωνὴ μαστίγων, καὶ φωνὴ σεισμοῦ τροχῶν, καὶ ἵππου διώκοντος, καὶ ἅρματος ἀναβράσσοντος,
ק֣וֹל שׁ֔וֹט וְ/ק֖וֹל רַ֣עַשׁ אוֹפָ֑ן וְ/ס֣וּס דֹּהֵ֔ר וּ/מֶרְכָּבָ֖ה מְרַקֵּדָֽה
3:3 et micantis gladii, et fulgurantis hastae, et multitudinis interfectae, et gravis ruinae ; nec est finis cadaverum, et corruent in corporibus suis.
And of the shining sword, and of the glittering spear, and of a multitude slain, and of a grievous destruction: and there is no end of carcasses, and they shall fall down on their dead bodies.
καὶ ἱππέως ἀναβαίνοντος, καὶ στιλβούσης ῥομφαίας, καὶ ἐξαστραπτόντων ὅπλων, καὶ πλήθους τραυματιῶν, καὶ βαρείας πτώσεως, καὶ οὐκ ἦν πέρας τοῖς ἔθνεσιν αὐτῆς· καὶ ἀσθενήσουσιν ἐν τοῖς σώμασιν αὐτῶν ἀπὸ πλήθους πορνείας·
פָּרָ֣שׁ מַעֲלֶ֗ה וְ/לַ֤הַב חֶ֨רֶב֙ וּ/בְרַ֣ק חֲנִ֔ית וְ/רֹ֥ב חָלָ֖ל וְ/כֹ֣בֶד פָּ֑גֶר וְ/אֵ֥ין קֵ֨צֶה֙ לַ/גְּוִיָּ֔ה יכשלו וְ/כָשְׁל֖וּ בִּ/גְוִיָּתָֽ/ם
3:4 Propter multitudinem fornicationum meretricis speciosae, et gratae, et habentis maleficia, quae vendidit gentes in fornicationibus suis, et familias in maleficiis suis.
*H Because of the multitude of the fornications of the harlot that was beautiful and agreeable, and that made use of witchcraft, that sold nations through her fornications, and families through her witchcrafts.
Ver. 4. Harlot. Ninive is cruel and impure, engaging others in idolatry and witchcraft. C. — Sold, forcing them to adopt her manners. Rom. vii. 14.
πόρνη καλὴ, καὶ ἐπίχαρις ἡγουμένη φαρμάκων, ἡ πωλοῦσα ἔθνη ἐν τῇ πορνείᾳ αὐτῆς, καὶ λαοὺς ἐν τοῖς φαρμάκοις αὐτῆς.
מֵ/רֹב֙ זְנוּנֵ֣י זוֹנָ֔ה ט֥וֹבַת חֵ֖ן בַּעֲלַ֣ת כְּשָׁפִ֑ים הַ/מֹּכֶ֤רֶת גּוֹיִם֙ בִּ/זְנוּנֶ֔י/הָ וּ/מִשְׁפָּח֖וֹת בִּ/כְשָׁפֶֽי/הָ
3:5 Ecce ego ad te, dicit Dominus exercituum, et revelabo pudenda tua in facie tua ; et ostendam gentibus nuditatem tuam, et regnis ignominiam tuam.
* Footnotes
Behold I come against thee, saith the Lord of hosts: and I will discover thy shame to thy face, and will shew thy nakedness to the nations, and thy shame to kingdoms.
Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπὶ σὲ, λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ, καὶ ἀποκαλύψω τὰ ὀπίσω σου ἐπὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν σου, καὶ δείξω ἔθνεσι τὴν αἰσχύνην σου, καὶ βασιλείαις τὴν ἀτιμίαν σου.
הִנְ/נִ֣י אֵלַ֗יִ/ךְ נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְ/גִלֵּיתִ֥י שׁוּלַ֖יִ/ךְ עַל פָּנָ֑יִ/ךְ וְ/הַרְאֵיתִ֤י גוֹיִם֙ מַעְרֵ֔/ךְ וּ/מַמְלָכ֖וֹת קְלוֹנֵֽ/ךְ
3:6 Et projiciam super te abominationes, et contumeliis te afficiam, et ponam te in exemplum.
And I will cast abominations upon thee, and will disgrace thee, and will make an example of thee.
Καὶ ἐπιῤῥίψω ἐπὶ σὲ βδελυγμὸν κατὰ τὰς ἀκαθαρσίας σου, καὶ θήσομαί σε εἰς παράδειγμα.
וְ/הִשְׁלַכְתִּ֥י עָלַ֛יִ/ךְ שִׁקֻּצִ֖ים וְ/נִבַּלְתִּ֑י/ךְ וְ/שַׂמְתִּ֖י/ךְ כְּ/רֹֽאִי
3:7 Et erit : omnis qui viderit te resiliet a te, et dicet : Vastata est Ninive. Quis commovebit super te caput ? unde quaeram consolatorem tibi ?
*H And it shall come to pass that every one that shall see thee, shall flee from thee, and shall say: Ninive is laid waste: who shall bemoan thee? whence shall I seek a comforter for thee?
Ver. 7. Bemoan. Lit. "shake his head:" the latter words are not in Heb. H. — Some supply, move his lips: but head will answer as well. This is a sign of derision or of pity. Job xlii. 11. Mat. xxvii. 39. C.
Καὶ ἔσται, πᾶς ὁ ὁρῶν σε καταβήσεται ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ ἐρεῖ, δειλαία Νινευή· τίς στενάξει αὐτήν; πόθεν ζητήσω παράκλησιν αὐτῇ;
וְ/הָיָ֤ה כָל רֹאַ֨יִ/ךְ֙ יִדּ֣וֹד מִמֵּ֔/ךְ וְ/אָמַר֙ שָׁדְּדָ֣ה נִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑/הּ מֵ/אַ֛יִן אֲבַקֵּ֥שׁ מְנַחֲמִ֖ים לָֽ/ךְ
3:8 Numquid melior es Alexandria populorum, quae habitat in fluminibus ? aquae in circuitu ejus ; cujus divitiae, mare ; aquae, muri ejus.
*H Art thou better than the populous Alexandria, that dwelleth among the rivers? waters are round about it: the sea is its riches: the waters are its walls.
Ver. 8. Populous Alexandria. No-Amon. A populous city of Egypt, destroyed by the Chaldeans, and afterwards rebuilt by Alexander, and called Alexandria. Others suppose No-Amon to be the same as Diospolis. Ch. — This seems preferable, as it was amidst waters and near the Mediterranean. Profane historians take little notice of it, as it was greatly reduced. Bochart fixes upon Memphis, others upon the temple of Ammon. But these were too remote from the sea. C. — The former was however near the Nile, (H.) which is sometimes called a sea. C. — S. Jerom thinks that Alexandria stood on the ruins of No. W. — Yet of this we have no proof. It is thought that Nahum alludes to the devastation caused by Nabuchodonosor. As Juda however was still in his kingdom, it seems rather that Assaraddon, (Is. xx.) or his predecessor, Sennacherib, (C.) laid waste this city. 4 K. xviii. 21. Usher, A. 3292.
Ἑτοιμασὰι μερίδα, ἁρμόσαι χορδὴν, ἑτοιμάσαι μερίδα Ἀμμών· ἡ κατοικοῦσα ἐν ποταμοῖς, ὕδωρ κύκλῳ αὐτῆς, ἧς ἡ ἀρχὴ θάλασσα, καὶ ὕδωρ τὰ τείχη αὐτῆς,
הֲ/תֵֽיטְבִי֙ מִ/נֹּ֣א אָמ֔וֹן הַ/יֹּֽשְׁבָה֙ בַּ/יְאֹרִ֔ים מַ֖יִם סָבִ֣יב לָ֑/הּ אֲשֶׁר חֵ֣יל יָ֔ם מִ/יָּ֖ם חוֹמָתָֽ/הּ
3:9 Aethiopia fortitudo ejus, et Aegyptus, et non est finis ; Africa et Libyes fuerunt in auxilio tuo.
*H Ethiopia and Egypt were the strength thereof, and there is no end: Africa and the Libyans were thy helpers.
Ver. 9. Ethiopia; Chus, in Arabia, not far from Diospolis.
καὶ Αἰθιοπία ἰσχὺς αὐτῆς, καὶ Αἴγυπτος· καὶ οὐκ ἔστη πέρας τῆς φυγῆς· καὶ Λίβυες ἐγένοντο βοηθοὶ αὐτῆς.
כּ֥וּשׁ עָצְמָ֛/ה וּ/מִצְרַ֖יִם וְ/אֵ֣ין קֵ֑צֶה פּ֣וּט וְ/לוּבִ֔ים הָי֖וּ בְּ/עֶזְרָתֵֽ/ךְ
3:10 Sed et ipsa in transmigrationem ducta est in captivitatem : parvuli ejus elisi sunt in capite omnium viarum, et super inclytos ejus miserunt sortem, et omnes optimates ejus confixi sunt in compedibus.
*H Yet she also was removed and carried into captivity: her young children were dashed in pieces at the top of every street, and they cast lots upon her nobles, and all her great men were bound in fetters.
Ver. 10. Captivity. It was afterwards re-established and taken by Nabuchodonosor. C. — Fetters, or stocks. H.
Καὶ αὐτὴ εἰς μετοικεσίαν πορεύσεται αἰχμάλωτος καὶ τὰ νήπια αὐτῆς ἐδαφιοῦσιν ἐπʼ ἀρχὰς πασῶν τῶν ὁδῶν αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἔνδοξα αὐτῆς βαλοῦσι κλήρους· καὶ πάντες οἱ μεγιστᾶνες αὐτῆς δεθήσονται χειροπέδαις.
גַּם הִ֗יא לַ/גֹּלָה֙ הָלְכָ֣ה בַ/שֶּׁ֔בִי גַּ֧ם עֹלָלֶ֛י/הָ יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ בְּ/רֹ֣אשׁ כָּל חוּצ֑וֹת וְ/עַל נִכְבַּדֶּ֨י/הָ֙ יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֔ל וְ/כָל גְּדוֹלֶ֖י/הָ רֻתְּק֥וּ בַ/זִּקִּֽים
3:11 Et tu ergo inebriaberis, et eris despecta : et tu quaeres auxilium ab inimico.
*H Therefore thou also shalt be made drunk, and shalt be despised: and thou shalt seek help from the enemies.
Ver. 11. Drunk, and be chastised by God. Ezec. xxiii. 32. — From, to escape.
Καὶ σὺ μεθυσθήσῃ, καὶ ἔσῃ ὑπερεωραμένη, καὶ σὺ ζητήσεις σεαυτῇ στάσιν ἐξ ἐχθρῶν.
גַּם אַ֣תְּ תִּשְׁכְּרִ֔י תְּהִ֖י נַֽעֲלָמָ֑ה גַּם אַ֛תְּ תְּבַקְשִׁ֥י מָע֖וֹז מֵ/אוֹיֵֽב
3:12 Omnes munitiones tuae sicut ficus cum grossis suis : si concussae fuerint, cadent in os comedentis.
All thy strong holds shall be like fig trees with their green figs: if they be shaken, they shall fall into the mouth of the eater.
Πάντα τὰ ὀχυρώματά σου συκαῖ σκοποὺς ἔχουσαι· ἐὰν σαλευθῶσι, πεσοῦνται εἰς στόμα ἔσθοντος.
כָּ֨ל מִבְצָרַ֔יִ/ךְ תְּאֵנִ֖ים עִם בִּכּוּרִ֑ים אִם יִנּ֕וֹעוּ וְ/נָפְל֖וּ עַל פִּ֥י אוֹכֵֽל
3:13 Ecce populus tuus mulieres in medio tui : inimicis tuis adapertione pandentur portae terrae tuae, devorabit ignis vectes tuos.
Behold thy people in the midst of thee are women: the gates of thy land shall be set wide open to thy enemies, the fire shall devour thy bars.
Ἰδοὺ ὁ λαός σου ὡς γυναῖκες ἐν σοὶ, τοῖς ἐχθροῖς σου ἀνοιγόμεναι ἀνοιχθήσονται πύλαι τῆς γῆς σου, καταφάγεται πῦρ τοὺς μοχλούς σου.
הִנֵּ֨ה עַמֵּ֤/ךְ נָשִׁים֙ בְּ/קִרְבֵּ֔/ךְ לְ/אֹ֣יְבַ֔יִ/ךְ פָּת֥וֹחַ נִפְתְּח֖וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֣י אַרְצֵ֑/ךְ אָכְלָ֥ה אֵ֖שׁ בְּרִיחָֽיִ/ך
3:14 Aquam propter obsidionem hauri tibi : exstrue munitiones tuas, intra in lutum, et calca, subigens tene laterem.
*H Draw thee water for the siege, build up thy bulwarks: go into the clay, and tread, work it and make brick.
Ver. 14. Water. This was a necessary precaution. 2 Par. xxxii. 3. — Brick, to repair the breaches.
Ὕδωρ περιοχῆς ἐπίσπασαι σεαυτῇ, καὶ κατακράτησον τῶν ὀχυρωμάτων σου· ἔμβηθι εἰς πηλὸν, καὶ συμπατήθητι ἐν ἀχύροις, κατακράτησον ὑπὲρ πλίνθον.
מֵ֤י מָצוֹר֙ שַֽׁאֲבִי לָ֔/ךְ חַזְּקִ֖י מִבְצָרָ֑יִ/ךְ בֹּ֧אִי בַ/טִּ֛יט וְ/רִמְסִ֥י בַ/חֹ֖מֶר הַחֲזִ֥יקִי מַלְבֵּֽן
3:15 Ibi comedet te ignis, peribis gladio, devorabit te ut bruchus : congregare ut bruchus, multiplicare ut locusta.
*H There shall the fire devour thee: thou shalt perish by the sword, it shall devour thee like the bruchus: assemble together like the bruchus, make thyself many like the locust.
Ver. 15. Locust. Yet all will be in vain. Thy numbers will be cut off as easily as locusts.
Ἐκεῖ καταφάγεταί σε πῦρ, ἐξολοθρεύσει σε ῥομφαία, καταφάγεταί σε ὡς ἀκρὶς, καὶ βαρυνθήσῃ ὡς βροῦχος.
שָׁ֚ם תֹּאכְלֵ֣/ךְ אֵ֔שׁ תַּכְרִיתֵ֣/ךְ חֶ֔רֶב תֹּאכְלֵ֖/ךְ כַּ/יָּ֑לֶק הִתְכַּבֵּ֣ד כַּ/יֶּ֔לֶק הִֽתְכַּבְּדִ֖י כָּ/אַרְבֶּֽה
3:16 Plures fecisti negotiationes tuas quam stellae sint caeli ; bruchus expansus est, et avolavit.
*H Thou hast multiplied thy merchandises above the stars of heaven: the bruchus hath spread himself and flown away.
Ver. 16. Away. Thus did the merchants, at the approach of the enemy.
Ἐπλήθυνας τὰς ἐμπορίας σου ὑπὲρ τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ· βροῦχος ὥρμησε, καὶ ἐξεπετάσθη.
הִרְבֵּית֙ רֹֽכְלַ֔יִ/ךְ מִ/כּוֹכְבֵ֖י הַ/שָּׁמָ֑יִם יֶ֥לֶק פָּשַׁ֖ט וַ/יָּעֹֽף
3:17 Custodes tui quasi locustae, et parvuli tui quasi locustae locustarum, quae considunt in sepibus in die frigoris : sol ortus est, et avolaverunt, et non est cognitus locus earum ubi fuerint.
*H Thy guards are like the locusts: and thy little ones like the locusts of locusts which swarm on the hedges in the day of cold: the sun arose, and they flew away, and their place was not known where they were.
Ver. 17. Guards. Heb. "crowned" princes. — Little. Heb. "satraps are like great locusts, which," &c. S. Jerom has read (C.) toppic instead of taphseraic, (H.) which Sept. neglect. Thapsar denotes an officer. Jer. li. 27. C. — Of locusts. The young locusts. Ch.
Ἐξήλατο ὡς ἀττέλεβος ὁ σύμμικτός σου, ὡς ἀκρὶς ἐπιβεβηκυῖα ἐπὶ φραγμὸν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ πάγους· ὁ ἥλιος ἀνέτειλε, καὶ ἀφήλατο, καὶ οὐκ ἔγνω τὸν τόπον αὐτῆς· οὐαὶ αὐτοῖς.
מִנְּזָרַ֨יִ/ךְ֙ כָּֽ/אַרְבֶּ֔ה וְ/טַפְסְרַ֖יִ/ךְ כְּ/ג֣וֹב גֹּבָ֑י הַֽ/חוֹנִ֤ים בַּ/גְּדֵרוֹת֙ בְּ/י֣וֹם קָרָ֔ה שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ זָֽרְחָה֙ וְ/נוֹדַ֔ד וְ/לֹֽא נוֹדַ֥ע מְקוֹמ֖/וֹ אַיָּֽ/ם
3:18 Dormitaverunt pastores tui, rex Assur, sepelientur principes tui : latitavit populus tuus in montibus, et non est qui congreget.
*H Thy shepherds have slumbered, O king of Assyria, thy princes shall be buried: thy people are hid in the mountains, and there is none to gather them together.
Ver. 18. Slumbered. They have not guarded the flock. C.
Ἐνύσταξαν οἱ ποιμένες σου, βασιλεὺς Ἀσσύριος ἐκοίμισε τοὺς δυνάστας σου, ἀπῇρεν ὁ λαός σου ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη, καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ ἐκδεχόμενος.
נָמ֤וּ רֹעֶ֨י/ךָ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר יִשְׁכְּנ֖וּ אַדִּירֶ֑י/ךָ נָפֹ֧שׁוּ עַמְּ/ךָ֛ עַל הֶ/הָרִ֖ים וְ/אֵ֥ין מְקַבֵּֽץ
3:19 Non est obscura contritio tua ; pessima est plaga tua. Omnes qui audierunt auditionem tuam compresserunt manum super te : quia super quem non transiit malitia tua semper ?]
*H Thy destruction is not hidden, thy wound is grievous: all that have heard the fame of thee, have clapped their hands over thee: for upon whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually?
Ver. 19. Hidden. Heb. and Sept. "irremediable." H. — No one pities thy wound. Chal. C.
Οὐκ ἔστιν ἴασις τῇ συντριβῇ σου, ἐφλέγμανεν ἡ πληγή σου, πάντες οἱ ἀκούοντες τὴν ἀγγελίαν σου κροτήσουσι χεῖρας ἐπὶ σέ· διότι ἐπὶ τίνα οὐκ ἐπῆλθεν ἡ κακία σου διαπαντός;
אֵין כֵּהָ֣ה לְ/שִׁבְרֶ֔/ךָ נַחְלָ֖ה מַכָּתֶ֑/ךָ כֹּ֣ל שֹׁמְעֵ֣י שִׁמְעֲ/ךָ֗ תָּ֤קְעוּ כַף֙ עָלֶ֔י/ךָ כִּ֗י עַל מִ֛י לֹֽא עָבְרָ֥ה רָעָתְ/ךָ֖ תָּמִֽיד