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2:1 Igitur post haec consuluit David Dominum, dicens : Num ascendam in unam de civitatibus Juda ? Et ait Dominus ad eum : Ascende. Dixitque David : Quo ascendam ? Et respondit ei : In Hebron.
* Footnotes
*H And after these things David consulted the Lord, saying: Shall I go up into one of the cities of Juda? And the Lord said to him: Go up. And David said: Whither shall I go up? And he answered him: Into Hebron.
Ver. 1. Juda. David thought it was his duty to co-operate with the designs of Providence. He consults the Lord (C.) by means of Abiathar, (Abul.) or by a prophet. Joseph. — Hebron, ennobled by the patriarchs. M. — It was also in the centre of Juda, and the strongest place belonging to that tribe. C. — Part of Jerusalem was still in the hands of the Jebusites. H.
Καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἐπηρώτησε Δαυὶδ ἐν Κυρίῳ, λέγων, εἰ ἀναβῶ εἰς μίαν τῶν πόλεων Ἰούδα; καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς αὐτὸν, ἀνάβηθι· καὶ εἶπε Δαυὶδ, ποῦ ἀναβῶ; καὶ εἶπεν, εἰς Χεβρών.
וַ/יְהִ֣י אַֽחֲרֵי כֵ֗ן וַ/יִּשְׁאַל֩ דָּוִ֨ד בַּֽ/יהוָ֤ה לֵ/אמֹר֙ הַ/אֶעֱלֶ֗ה בְּ/אַחַת֙ עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַ/יֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלָ֖י/ו עֲלֵ֑ה וַ/יֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אָ֥נָה אֶעֱלֶ֖ה וַ/יֹּ֥אמֶר חֶבְרֹֽנָ/ה
2:2 Ascendit ergo David, et duae uxores ejus, Achinoam Jezraelites, et Abigail uxor Nabal Carmeli :
So David went up, and his two wives Achinoam the Jezrahelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal of Carmel:
Καὶ ἀνέβη ἐκεῖ Δαυὶδ εἰς Χεβρὼν, καὶ ἀμφότεραι αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτοῦ, Ἀχινάαμ ἡ Ἰεζραηλίτις, καὶ Ἀβιγαία ἡ γυνὴ Νάβαλ τοῦ Καρμηλίου,
וַ/יַּ֤עַל שָׁם֙ דָּוִ֔ד וְ/גַ֖ם שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשָׁ֑י/ו אֲחִינֹ֨עַם֙ הַ/יִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית וַ/אֲבִיגַ֕יִל אֵ֖שֶׁת נָבָ֥ל הַֽ/כַּרְמְלִֽי
2:3 sed et viros, qui erant cum eo, duxit David singulos cum domo sua : et manserunt in oppidis Hebron.
*H And the men also that were with him, David brought up every man with his household: and they abode in the towns of Hebron.
Ver. 3. Towns, villages, and dependencies of Hebron.
καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἕκαστος, καὶ ὁ οἶκος αὐτοῦ, καὶ κατῴκουν ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι Χεβρών.
וַ/אֲנָשָׁ֧י/ו אֲשֶׁר עִמּ֛/וֹ הֶעֱלָ֥ה דָוִ֖ד אִ֣ישׁ וּ/בֵית֑/וֹ וַ/יֵּשְׁב֖וּ בְּ/עָרֵ֥י חֶבְרֽוֹן
2:4 Veneruntque viri Juda, et unxerunt ibi David ut regnaret super domum Juda. Et nuntiatum est David quod viri Jabes Galaad sepelissent Saul.
* Footnotes
*H And the men of Juda came, and anointed David there, to be king over the house of Juda. And it was told David that the men of Jabes Galaad had buried Saul.
Ver. 4. Juda, without the concurrence of the other tribes, (C.) which would be an evil precedent in a commonwealth, unless God had authorized them by the declaration of his will. Grot. — Samuel had before anointed David, and given him a right to the crown, (W.) jus ad regnum. But this anointing gives him a right to govern, jus in regno; (C.) or rather it proves, that the tribe submitted voluntarily to his dominion, which he had already (H.) lawfully begun to exercise, when he put the Amalecite to death. Abulensis. T. — Told, perhaps by some ill-designing men, who wished to irritate David against those who had shewn an attachment to Saul, unless the king had made enquiry, thinking it his duty to bury the deceased. C.
Καὶ ἔρχονται ἄνδρες τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ χρίουσι τὸν Δαυὶδ ἐκεῖ τοῦ βασιλεύειν ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰούδα· Καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ Δαυὶδ, λέγοντες, ὅτι οἱ ἄνδρες Ἰαβὶς τῆς Γαλααδίτιδος ἔθαψαν τὸν Σαούλ.
וַ/יָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַ/יִּמְשְׁחוּ שָׁ֧ם אֶת דָּוִ֛ד לְ/מֶ֖לֶךְ עַל בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה וַ/יַּגִּ֤דוּ לְ/דָוִד֙ לֵ/אמֹ֔ר אַנְשֵׁי֙ יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר קָבְר֖וּ אֶת שָׁאֽוּל
2:5 Misit ergo David nuntios ad viros Jabes Galaad, dixitque ad eos : Benedicti vos Domino, qui fecistis misericordiam hanc cum domino vestro Saul, et sepelistis eum.
David therefore sent messengers to the men of Jabes Galaad, and said to them: Blessed be you to the Lord, who have shewn this mercy to your master Saul, and have buried him.
Καὶ ἀπέστειλε Δαυὶδ ἀγγέλους πρὸς τοὺς ἡγουμένους Ἰαβὶς τῆς Γαλααδίτιδος, καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτοὺς Δαυὶδ, εὐλογημένοι ὑμεῖς τῷ Κυρίῳ, ὅτι ἐποιήσατε τὸ ἔλεος τοῦτο ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον ὑμῶν, ἐπὶ Σαοὺλ τὸν χριστὸν Κυρίου, καὶ ἐθάψατε αὐτὸν καὶ Ἰωνάθαν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ.
וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל אַנְשֵׁ֖י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד וַ/יֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵי/הֶ֗ם בְּרֻכִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ לַֽ/יהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֜ם הַ/חֶ֣סֶד הַ/זֶּ֗ה עִם אֲדֹֽנֵי/כֶם֙ עִם שָׁא֔וּל וַֽ/תִּקְבְּר֖וּ אֹתֽ/וֹ
2:6 Et nunc retribuet vobis quidem Dominus misericordiam et veritatem : sed et ego reddam gratiam, eo quod fecistis verbum istud.
*H And now the Lord surely will render you mercy and truth, and I also will requite you for this good turn, because you have done this thing.
Ver. 6. And truth, or a real kindness. God will reward you for the sincere piety which you have shewn towards the dead. C. — Will. I do, by these messengers, thank you. Louis de Dieu.
Καὶ νῦν ποιῆσαι Κύριος μεθʼ ὑμῶν ἔλεος καὶ ἀλήθειαν· καί γε ἐγὼ ποιήσω μεθʼ ὑμῶν τὸ ἀγαθὸν τοῦτο, ὅτι ἐποιήσατε τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο.
וְ/עַתָּ֕ה יַֽעַשׂ יְהוָ֥ה עִמָּ/כֶ֖ם חֶ֣סֶד וֶ/אֱמֶ֑ת וְ/גַ֣ם אָנֹכִ֗י אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה אִתְּ/כֶם֙ הַ/טּוֹבָ֣ה הַ/זֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם הַ/דָּבָ֥ר הַ/זֶּֽה
2:7 Confortentur manus vestrae, et estote filii fortitudinis : licet enim mortuus sit dominus vester Saul, tamen me unxit domus Juda in regem sibi.
*H Let your hands be strengthened, and be ye men of valour: for although your master Saul be dead, yet the house of Juda hath anointed me to be their king.
Ver. 7. King. He invites them to concur with the men of Juda, hoping that all Israel would be influenced by their example. But his hopes proved abortive, as Abner caused Isboseth to be proclaimed king in the vicinity at Mahanaim.
Καὶ νῦν κραταιούσθωσαν αἱ χεῖρες ὑμῶν, καὶ γίνεσθε εἰς υἱοὺς δυνατοὺς, ὅτι τέθνηκεν ὁ κύριος ὑμῶν Σαοὺλ, καί γε ἐμὲ κέχρικεν ὁ οἶκος Ἰούδα ἐφʼ ἑαυτὸν εἰς βασιλέα.
וְ/עַתָּ֣ה תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יְדֵי/כֶ֗ם וִֽ/הְיוּ֙ לִ/בְנֵי חַ֔יִל כִּי מֵ֖ת אֲדֹנֵי/כֶ֣ם שָׁא֑וּל וְ/גַם אֹתִ֗/י מָשְׁח֧וּ בֵית יְהוּדָ֛ה לְ/מֶ֖לֶךְ עֲלֵי/הֶֽם
2:8 Abner autem filius Ner, princeps exercitus Saul, tulit Isboseth filium Saul, et circumduxit eum per castra,
*H But Abner the son of Ner, general of Saul's army, took Isboseth the son of Saul, and led him about through the camp,
Ver. 8. Camp. Heb. Machanayim, which many take for a proper name (C.) of the town, on the river Jabok, where Jacob had encamped. Gen. xxxii. 2. H. — Abner was aware that he should not retain his authority under David, and therefore conducted Isboseth to the camps in various places, (M.) but chiefly on the east side of the Jordan, (H. v. 29.) where the people were particularly attached to Saul's family. Isboseth seems to have been a fit tool for his purpose.
Καὶ Ἀβεννὴρ υἱὸς Νὴρ ἀρχιστράτηγος τοῦ Σαοὺλ ἔλαβε τὸν Ἰεβοσθὲ υἱὸν Σαοὺλ, καὶ ἀνεβίβασεν αὐτὸν ἐκ τῆς παρεμβολῆς εἰς Μαναὲμ,
וְ/אַבְנֵ֣ר בֶּן נֵ֔ר שַׂר צָבָ֖א אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְ/שָׁא֑וּל לָקַ֗ח אֶת אִ֥ישׁ בֹּ֨שֶׁת֙ בֶּן שָׁא֔וּל וַ/יַּעֲבִרֵ֖/הוּ מַחֲנָֽיִם
2:9 regemque constituit super Galaad, et super Gessuri, et super Jezrael, et super Ephraim, et super Benjamin, et super Israel universum.
*H And made him king over Galaad, and over Gessuri, and over Jezrahel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel.
Ver. 9. Gessuri. There was one south of Juda: but this country was probably near Hermon, and might be tributary to Israel. David perhaps married this king's daughter, in order to detach him from the party of Isboseth. C. iii. 3. Heb. reads, "Assuri;" and S. Jerom observes, that many explained it of the tribe of Aser, (Trad. Heb.) with the Chaldee, (D. M.) or of the Assurians. Gen. xxv. 3. — Israel, by degrees. In the mean time the Philistines occupied many cities, which might prevent Isboseth from attempting to fix his residence on the west side of the Jordan, v. 19.
καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν Γαλααδίτιν, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Θασιρὶ, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰεζραὴλ, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἐφραὶμ, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Βενιαμὶν, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα Ἰσραήλ.
וַ/יַּמְלִכֵ֨/הוּ֙ אֶל הַ/גִּלְעָ֔ד וְ/אֶל הָ/אֲשׁוּרִ֖י וְ/אֶֽל יִזְרְעֶ֑אל וְ/עַל אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ וְ/עַל בִּנְיָמִ֔ן וְ/עַל יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כֻּלֹּֽ/ה
2:10 Quadraginta annorum erat Isboseth filius Saul cum regnare coepisset super Israel, et duobus annis regnavit : sola autem domus Juda sequebatur David.
*H Isboseth the son of Saul was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned two years; and only the house of Juda followed David.
Ver. 10. He reigned two years, viz. before he began visibly to decline: but in all he reigned seven years and six months: for so long David reigned in Hebron. Ch. W. — The Jews admit of an interregnum in Israel of above five years, which is by no means probable. Two years elapsed before the two houses came to an open war; (Salien) soon after which, the power of Isboseth was greatly weakened by the defeat, and afterwards by the defection, of Abner. H. — Hence the sacred historian refers to the commencement of hostilities, and not to the end of Isboseth's dominion. E. T. C.
Τεσσαράκοντα ἐτῶν Ἰεβοσθὲ υἱὸς Σαοὺλ, ὅτε ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ· καὶ δύο ἔτη ἐβασίλευσε, πλὴν τοῦ οἴκου Ἰούδα, οἳ ἦσαν ὀπίσω Δαυίδ.
בֶּן אַרְבָּעִ֨ים שָׁנָ֜ה אִֽישׁ בֹּ֣שֶׁת בֶּן שָׁא֗וּל בְּ/מָלְכ/וֹ֙ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּ/שְׁתַּ֥יִם שָׁנִ֖ים מָלָ֑ךְ אַ֚ךְ בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה הָי֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י דָוִֽד
2:11 Et fuit numerus dierum quos commoratus est David imperans in Hebron super domum Juda, septem annorum et sex mensium.
And the number of the days that David abode, reigning in Hebron over the house of Juda, was seven years and six months.
Καὶ ἐγένοντο αἱ ἡμέραι ἃς Δαυὶδ ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Χεβρὼν ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰούδα, ἑπτὰ ἔτη καὶ μῆνας ἕξ.
וַֽ/יְהִי֙ מִסְפַּ֣ר הַ/יָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה דָוִ֥ד מֶ֛לֶךְ בְּ/חֶבְר֖וֹן עַל בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים וְ/שִׁשָּׁ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים
2:12 Egressusque est Abner filius Ner, et pueri Isboseth filii Saul, de castris in Gabaon.
*H And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Isboseth the son of Saul, went out from the camp to Gabaon.
Ver. 12. Servants; guards, army. M. — Camp; or from Machanayim to Gabaon, in the tribe of Benjamin, about six miles from Jerusalem. C. — Sept. leave the former word untranslated, "Manaeim." H.
Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ἀβεννὴρ υἱὸς Νὴρ, καὶ οἱ παῖδες Ἰεβοσθὲ υἱοῦ Σαοὺλ ἐκ Μαναὲμ εἰς Γαβαών·
וַ/יֵּצֵא֙ אַבְנֵ֣ר בֶּן נֵ֔ר וְ/עַבְדֵ֖י אִֽישׁ בֹּ֣שֶׁת בֶּן שָׁא֑וּל מִֽ/מַּחֲנַ֖יִם גִּבְעֽוֹנָ/ה
2:13 Porro Joab filius Sarviae, et pueri David, egressi sunt, et occurrerunt eis juxta piscinam Gabaon. Et cum in unum convenissent, e regione sederunt : hi ex una parte piscinae, et illi ex altera.
And Joab the son of Sarvia, and the servants of David went out, and met them by the pool of Gabaon. And when they were come together, they sat down over against one another: the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side.
Καὶ Ἰωὰβ υἱὸς Σαρουία, καὶ οἱ παῖδες Δαυὶδ ἐξῆλθον ἐκ Χεβρὼν, καὶ συναντῶσιν αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ τὴν κρήνην τὴν Γαβαὼν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ, καὶ ἐκάθισαν οὗτοι ἐπὶ τὴν κρήνην ἐντεῦθεν, καὶ οὗτοι ἐπὶ τὴν κρήνην ἐντεῦθεν.
וְ/יוֹאָ֨ב בֶּן צְרוּיָ֜ה וְ/עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִד֙ יָֽצְא֔וּ וַֽ/יִּפְגְּשׁ֛וּ/ם עַל בְּרֵכַ֥ת גִּבְע֖וֹן יַחְדָּ֑ו וַ/יֵּ֨שְׁב֜וּ אֵ֤לֶּה עַל הַ/בְּרֵכָה֙ מִ/זֶּ֔ה וְ/אֵ֥לֶּה עַל הַ/בְּרֵכָ֖ה מִ/זֶּֽה
2:14 Dixitque Abner ad Joab : Surgant pueri, et ludant coram nobis. Et respondit Joab : Surgant.
*H And Abner said to Joab: Let the young men rise, and play before us. And Joab answered: Let them rise.
Ver. 14. Play, like the gladiators with drawn swords, which formed one of the principal diversions at Rome, (C.) while it was pagan. This might be considered as a prelude to the ensuing engagement; or like a detachment of twelve on each side, fighting to shew the prowess of their respective armies; as the three Horatii and Curiatii did afterwards, to spare the effusion of blood. But there is no mention that Abner and Joab had authority to agree that these champions should decide the fate of the two kingdoms, (H.) whence they are generally accused of ostentation; though the soldiers, not being acquainted with their motives, were obliged to obey. T. M.
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἀβεννὴρ πρὸς Ἰωὰβ, ἀναστήτωσαν δὴ τὰ παιδάρια, καὶ παιξάτωσαν ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν· καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωὰβ, ἀναστήτωσαν.
וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְנֵר֙ אֶל יוֹאָ֔ב יָק֤וּמוּ נָא֙ הַ/נְּעָרִ֔ים וִֽ/ישַׂחֲק֖וּ לְ/פָנֵ֑י/נוּ וַ/יֹּ֥אמֶר יוֹאָ֖ב יָקֻֽמוּ
2:15 Surrexerunt ergo, et transierunt numero duodecim de Benjamin, ex parte Isboseth filii Saul, et duodecim de pueris David.
Then there arose and went over twelve in number of Benjamin, of the part of Isboseth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.
Καὶ ἀνέστησαν καὶ παρῆλθον ἐν ἀριθμῷ τῶν παίδων Βενιαμὶν δώδεκα τῶν Ἰεβοσθὲ υἱοῦ Σαοὺλ, καὶ δώδεκα ἐκ τῶν παίδων Δαυίδ
וַ/יָּקֻ֖מוּ וַ/יַּעַבְר֣וּ בְ/מִסְפָּ֑ר שְׁנֵ֧ים עָשָׂ֣ר לְ/בִנְיָמִ֗ן וּ/לְ/אִ֥ישׁ בֹּ֨שֶׁת֙ בֶּן שָׁא֔וּל וּ/שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר מֵ/עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִֽד
2:16 Apprehensoque unusquisque capite comparis sui, defixit gladium in latus contrarii, et ceciderunt simul : vocatumque est nomen loci illius : Ager robustorum, in Gabaon.
*H And every one catching his fellow by the head, thrust his sword into the side of his adversary, and they fell down together: and the name of the place was called: The field of the valiant, in Gabaon.
Ver. 16. Together. Some understand this only of Abner's soldiers, as the original may be explained: "And they (David's men) caught every on one his," &c. But it is more generally believed that all fell. C. — Rufin has erroneously translated Josephus in the former sense, and has lead Comestor, Lyran, &c. into this opinion. T. — Valiant. Heb. "the portion of the smooth stones, (hatsurim, 1 K. xvii. 40. or) of the brave." C.
Καὶ ἐκράτησαν ἕκαστος τῇ χειρὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ πλησίον αὐτοῦ, καὶ μάχαιρα αὐτοῦ εἰς πλευρὰν τοῦ πλησίον αὐτοῦ, καὶ πίπτουσι κατὰ τὸ αὐτό· καὶ ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου, μερὶς τῶν ἐπιβούλων, ἥ ἐστιν ἐν Γαβαών.
וַֽ/יַּחֲזִ֜קוּ אִ֣ישׁ בְּ/רֹ֣אשׁ רֵעֵ֗/הוּ וְ/חַרְבּ/וֹ֙ בְּ/צַ֣ד רֵעֵ֔/הוּ וַֽ/יִּפְּל֖וּ יַחְדָּ֑ו וַ/יִּקְרָא֙ לַ/מָּק֣וֹם הַ/ה֔וּא חֶלְקַ֥ת הַצֻּרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּ/גִבְעֽוֹן
2:17 Et ortum est bellum durum satis in die illa : fugatusque est Abner et viri Israel a pueris David.
And there was a very fierce battle that day: and Abner was put to flight, with the men of Israel, by the servants of David.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ὁ πόλεμος σκληρὸς ὥστε λίαν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ· καὶ ἔπταισεν Ἀβεννὴρ καὶ ἄνδρες Ἰσραὴλ ἐνώπιον παίδων Δαυίδ.
וַ/תְּהִ֧י הַ/מִּלְחָמָ֛ה קָשָׁ֥ה עַד מְאֹ֖ד בַּ/יּ֣וֹם הַ/ה֑וּא וַ/יִּנָּ֤גֶף אַבְנֵר֙ וְ/אַנְשֵׁ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִ/פְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִֽד
2:18 Erant autem ibi tres filii Sarviae, Joab, et Abisai, et Asael : porro Asael cursor velocissimus fuit, quasi unus de capreis quae morantur in silvis.
*H And there were the three sons of Sarvia there, Joab, and Abisai, and Asael: now Asael was a most swift runner, like one of the roes that abide in the woods.
Ver. 18. Woods. Swiftness was one great qualification of a warrior. C. i. 23. Homer generally styles Achilles, "the swift-footed."
Καὶ ἐγένοντο ἐκεῖ τρεῖς υἱοὶ Σαρουία, Ἰωὰβ, καὶ Ἀβεσσὰ, καὶ Ἀσαήλ· καὶ Ἀσαὴλ κοῦφος τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτοῦ· ὡσεὶ μία δορκὰς ἐν ἀγρῷ.
וַ/יִּֽהְיוּ שָׁ֗ם שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ בְּנֵ֣י צְרוּיָ֔ה יוֹאָ֥ב וַ/אֲבִישַׁ֖י וַ/עֲשָׂהאֵ֑ל וַ/עֲשָׂהאֵל֙ קַ֣ל בְּ/רַגְלָ֔י/ו כְּ/אַחַ֥ד הַ/צְּבָיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּ/שָּׂדֶֽה
2:19 Persequebatur autem Asael Abner, et non declinavit ad dextram neque ad sinistram omittens persequi Abner.
And Asael pursued after Abner, and turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner.
Καὶ κατεδίωξεν Ἀσαὴλ ὀπίσω Ἀβεννὴρ, καὶ οὐκ ἐξέκλινε τοῦ πορεύεσθαι εἰς δεξιὰ οὐδὲ εἰς ἀριστερὰ κατόπισθεν Ἀβεννήρ.
וַ/יִּרְדֹּ֥ף עֲשָׂהאֵ֖ל אַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְ/לֹֽא נָטָ֣ה לָ/לֶ֗כֶת עַל הַ/יָּמִין֙ וְ/עַֽל הַ/שְּׂמֹ֔אול מֵ/אַחֲרֵ֖י אַבְנֵֽר
2:20 Respexit itaque Abner post tergum suum, et ait : Tune es Asael ? Qui respondit : Ego sum.
And Abner looked behind him, and said: Art thou Asael? And he answered: I am.
Καὶ ἐπέβλεψεν Ἀβεννὴρ εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπεν, εἰ σὺ εἶ αὐτὸς Ἀσαήλ; καὶ εἶπεν, ἐγώ εἰμι.
וַ/יִּ֤פֶן אַבְנֵר֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔י/ו וַ/יֹּ֕אמֶר הַ/אַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה עֲשָׂהאֵ֑ל וַ/יֹּ֖אמֶר אָנֹֽכִי
2:21 Dixitque ei Abner : Vade ad dexteram, sive ad sinistram, et apprehende unum de adolescentibus, et tolle tibi spolia ejus. Noluit autem Asael omittere quin urgeret eum.
*H And Abner said to him: Go to the right hand or to the left, and lay hold on one of the young men and take thee his spoils. But Asael would not leave off following him close.
Ver. 21. Spoils. Attack one who may be a more equal match for thee. H.
Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἀβεννὴρ, ἔκκλινον σὺ εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ ἢ εἰς τὰ ἀριστερὰ, καὶ κατάσχε σεαυτῷ ἓν τῶν παιδαρίων, καὶ λάβε σεαυτῷ τὴν πανοπλίαν αὐτοῦ· καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν Ἀσαὴλ ἐκκλῖναι ἐκ τῶν ὄπισθεν αὐτοῦ.
וַ/יֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣/וֹ אַבְנֵ֗ר נְטֵ֤ה לְ/ךָ֙ עַל יְמִֽינְ/ךָ֙ א֣וֹ עַל שְׂמֹאלֶ֔/ךָ וֶ/אֱחֹ֣ז לְ/ךָ֗ אֶחָד֙ מֵֽ/הַ/נְּעָרִ֔ים וְ/קַח לְ/ךָ֖ אֶת חֲלִצָת֑/וֹ וְ/לֹֽא אָבָ֣ה עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל לָ/ס֖וּר מֵ/אַחֲרָֽי/ו
2:22 Rursumque locutus est Abner ad Asael : Recede, noli me sequi, ne compellar confodere te in terram, et levare non potero faciem meam ad Joab fratrem tuum.
*H And again Abner said to Asael: Go off, and do not follow me, lest I be obliged to stab thee to the ground, and I shall not be able to hold up my face to Joab thy brother.
Ver. 22. Brother. It seems they were great friends, though they had espoused different parties. C.
Καὶ προσέθετο ἔτι Ἀβεννὴρ λέγων τῷ Ἀσαὴλ, ἀπόστηθι ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ, ἵνα μὴ πατάξω σε εἰς τὴν γῆν· καὶ πῶς ἀρῶ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου πρὸς Ἰωάβ;
וַ/יֹּ֧סֶף ע֣וֹד אַבְנֵ֗ר לֵ/אמֹר֙ אֶל עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל ס֥וּר לְ/ךָ֖ מֵ/אַֽחֲרָ֑/י לָ֤/מָּה אַכֶּ֨/כָּה֙ אַ֔רְצָ/ה וְ/אֵיךְ֙ אֶשָּׂ֣א פָנַ֔/י אֶל יוֹאָ֖ב אָחִֽי/ךָ
2:23 Qui audire contempsit, et noluit declinare : percussit ergo eum Abner aversa hasta in inguine, et transfodit, et mortuus est in eodem loco : omnesque qui transibant per locum illum, in quo ceciderat Asael et mortuus erat, subsistebant.
*H But he refused to hearken to him, and would not turn aside: wherefore Abner struck him with his spear with a back stroke in the groin, and thrust him through, and he died upon the spot: and all that came to the place where Asael fell down and died stood still.
Ver. 23. Stroke, (aversâ.) Heb. "with the hinder end of the spear, under the fifth rib." Sept. "in the loin."
Καὶ ποῦ ἐστι ταῦτα; ἐπίστρεφε πρὸς Ἰωὰβ τὸν ἀδελφόν σου. Καὶ οὐκ ἐβούλετο τοῦ ἀποστῆναι· καὶ τύπτει αὐτὸν Ἀβεννὴρ ἐν τῷ ὀπίσω τοῦ δόρατος ἐπὶ τὴν ψόαν, καὶ διεξῆλθε τὸ δόρυ ἐκ τῶν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ, καὶ πίπτει ἐκεῖ καὶ ἀποθνήσκει ὑποκάτω αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐγένετο πᾶς ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἕως τοῦ τόπου οὗ ἔπεσεν ἐκεῖ Ἀσαὴλ καὶ ἀπέθανε, καὶ ὑφίστατο.
וַ/יְמָאֵ֣ן לָ/ס֗וּר וַ/יַּכֵּ֣/הוּ אַבְנֵר֩ בְּ/אַחֲרֵ֨י הַ/חֲנִ֜ית אֶל הַ/חֹ֗מֶשׁ וַ/תֵּצֵ֤א הַֽ/חֲנִית֙ מֵ/אַחֲרָ֔י/ו וַ/יִּפָּל שָׁ֖ם וַ/יָּ֣מָת תחת/ו תַּחְתָּ֑י/ו וַ/יְהִ֡י כָּל הַ/בָּ֣א אֶֽל הַ/מָּקוֹם֩ אֲשֶׁר נָ֨פַל שָׁ֧ם עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וַ/יָּמֹ֖ת וַֽ/יַּעֲמֹֽדוּ
2:24 Persequentibus autem Joab et Abisai fugientem Abner, sol occubuit : et venerunt usque ad collem aquaeductus, qui est ex adverso vallis itineris deserti in Gabaon.
*H Now while Joab and Abisai pursued after Abner, the sun went down: and they came as far as the hill of the aqueduct, that lieth over against the valley by the way of the wilderness in Gabaon.
Ver. 24. Wilderness, or land which was not ploughed, though fruitful.
Καὶ κατεδίωξεν Ἰωὰβ καὶ Ἀβεσσὰ ὀπίσω Ἀβεννὴρ, καὶ ὁ ἥλιος ἔδυνε· καὶ αὐτοὶ εἰσῆλθον ἕως τοῦ βουνοῦ Ἀμμὰν, ὅ ἐστιν ἐπὶ προσώπου Γαῒ, ὁδὸν ἔρημον Γαβαών.
וַֽ/יִּרְדְּפ֛וּ יוֹאָ֥ב וַ/אֲבִישַׁ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְ/הַ/שֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ בָּ֔אָה וְ/הֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ עַד גִּבְעַ֣ת אַמָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל פְּנֵי גִ֔יחַ דֶּ֖רֶךְ מִדְבַּ֥ר גִּבְעֽוֹן
2:25 Congregatique sunt filii Benjamin ad Abner : et conglobati in unum cuneum, steterunt in summitate tumuli unius.
And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together to Abner: and being joined in one body, they stood on the top of a hill.
Καὶ συναθροίζονται οἱ υἱοὶ Βενιαμὶν οἱ ὀπίσω Ἀβεννὴρ, καὶ ἐγενήθησαν εἰς συνάντησιν μίαν, καὶ ἔστησαν ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν βουνοῦ ἑνός.
וַ/יִּֽתְקַבְּצ֤וּ בְנֵֽי בִנְיָמִן֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֔ר וַ/יִּהְי֖וּ לַ/אֲגֻדָּ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וַ/יַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ עַ֥ל רֹאשׁ גִּבְעָ֖ה אֶחָֽת
2:26 Et exclamavit Abner ad Joab, et ait : Num usque ad internecionem tuus mucro desaeviet ? an ignoras quod periculosa sit desperatio ? usquequo non dicis populo ut omittat persequi fratres suos ?
*H And Abner cried out to Joab, and said: Shall thy sword rage unto utter destruction? knowest thou not that it is dangerous to drive people to despair? how long dost thou defer to bid the people cease from pursuing after their brethren?
Ver. 26. Destruction. Sept. "till thou hast gained a complete victory?" Chal. "to separation?" Must we come to an eternal rupture? — Despair? Heb. "that it will be bitterness in the end?" Abner insinuates that they had commenced in a sort of play, but the consequences had already proved too serious; and if Joab continued to pursue, his men would be rendered desperate. C. — Despair makes people perform wonders, to revenge themselves. M.
Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἀβεννὴρ Ἰωὰβ, καὶ εἶπε, μὴ εἰς νῖκος καταφάγεται ἡ ῥομφαία; ἢ οὐκ οἴδας ὅτι πικρὰ ἔσται εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα; καὶ ἕως πότε οὐ μὴ εἴπῃς τῷ λαῷ ἀποστρέφειν ἀπὸ ὄπισθε τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν;
וַ/יִּקְרָ֨א אַבְנֵ֜ר אֶל יוֹאָ֗ב וַ/יֹּ֨אמֶר֙ הֲ/לָ/נֶ֨צַח֙ תֹּ֣אכַל חֶ֔רֶב הֲ/ל֣וֹא יָדַ֔עְתָּה כִּֽי מָרָ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה בָּ/אַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה וְ/עַד מָתַי֙ לֹֽא תֹאמַ֣ר לָ/עָ֔ם לָ/שׁ֖וּב מֵ/אַחֲרֵ֥י אֲחֵי/הֶֽם
* Summa
*S Part 2,
Ques 40,
Article 8
[I-II, Q. 40, Art. 8]
Whether Hope Is a Help or a Hindrance to Action?
Objection 1: It would seem that hope is not a help but a hindrance to action. Because hope implies security. But security begets negligence which hinders action. Therefore hope is a hindrance to action.
Obj. 2: Further, sorrow hinders action, as stated above (Q. 37, A. 3). But hope sometimes causes sorrow: for it is written (Prov. 13:12): "Hope that is deferred afflicteth the soul." Therefore hope hinders action.
Obj. 3: Further, despair is contrary to hope, as stated above (A. 4). But despair, especially in matters of war, conduces to action; for it is written (2 Kings 2:26), that "it is dangerous to drive people to despair." Therefore hope has a contrary effect, namely, by hindering action.
_On the contrary,_ It is written (1 Cor. 9:10) that "he that plougheth should plough in hope . . . to receive fruit": and the same applies to all other actions.
_I answer that,_ Hope of its very nature is a help to action by making it more intense: and this for two reasons. First, by reason of its object, which is a good, difficult but possible. For the thought of its being difficult arouses our attention; while the thought that it is possible is no drag on our effort. Hence it follows that by reason of hope man is intent on his action. Secondly, on account of its effect. Because hope, as stated above (Q. 32, A. 3), causes pleasure; which is a help to action, as stated above (Q. 33, A. 4). Therefore hope is conducive to action.
Reply Obj. 1: Hope regards a good to be obtained; security regards an evil to be avoided. Wherefore security seems to be contrary to fear rather than to belong to hope. Yet security does not beget negligence, save in so far as it lessens the idea of difficulty: whereby it also lessens the character of hope: for the things in which a man fears no hindrance, are no longer looked upon as difficult.
Reply Obj. 2: Hope of itself causes pleasure; it is by accident that it causes sorrow, as stated above (Q. 32, A. 3, ad 2).
Reply Obj. 3: Despair threatens danger in war, on account of a certain hope that attaches to it. For they who despair of flight, strive less to fly, but hope to avenge their death: and therefore in this hope they fight the more bravely, and consequently prove dangerous to the foe. ________________________
2:27 Et ait Joab : Vivit Dominus, si locutus fuisses, mane recessisset populus persequens fratrem suum.
*H And Joab said: As the Lord liveth, if thou hadst spoke sooner, even in the morning the people should have retired from pursuing after their brethren.
Ver. 27. Sooner. Heb. "If thou hadst not spoken," (D.) by challenging, v. 14. Josephus, &c. C.
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωὰβ, ζῇ Κύριος, ὅτι εἰ μὴ ἐλάλησας, διότι τότε ἐκ πρωϊόθεν ἀνέβη ἂν ὁ λαὸς ἕκαστος κατόπισθε τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ.
וַ/יֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֔ב חַ֚י הָֽ/אֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֥י לוּלֵ֖א דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ כִּ֣י אָ֤ז מֵֽ/הַ/בֹּ֨קֶר֙ נַעֲלָ֣ה הָ/עָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ מֵ/אַחֲרֵ֥י אָחִֽי/ו
2:28 Insonuit ergo Joab buccina, et stetit omnis exercitus, nec persecuti sunt ultra Israel, neque iniere certamen.
*H Then Joab sounded the trumpet, and all the army stood still, and did not pursue after Israel any farther, nor fight any more.
Ver. 28. Trumpet. It was not dishonourable for a general to do this himself. C. xviii. 16. But among the Hebrews, the priests generally performed this office. C.
Καὶ ἐσάλπισεν Ἰωὰβ τῇ σάλπιγγι, καὶ ἀπέστησαν πᾶς ὁ λαὸς, καὶ οὐ κατεδίωξαν ὀπίσω τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ οὐ προσέθεντο ἔτι τοῦ πολεμεῖν.
וַ/יִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּ/שּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַ/יַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ כָּל הָ/עָ֔ם וְ/לֹֽא יִרְדְּפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְ/לֹֽא יָסְפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד לְ/הִלָּחֵֽם
2:29 Abner autem et viri ejus abierunt per campestria, tota nocte illa : et transierunt Jordanem, et lustrata omni Beth-horon, venerunt ad castra.
*H And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plains: and they passed the Jordan, and having gone through all Beth-horon, came to the camp.
Ver. 29. Beth-horon. Sept. "the extended plain." Heb. Bithrun, (H.) or the country towards the Jordan. C. — Thus the battle ended in his disgrace; (H.) and many from all Israel began to flock to the standard of David. 1 Par. xii. 22. T.
Καὶ Ἀβεννὴρ καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες αὐτοῦ ἀπῆλθον εἰς δυσμὰς ὅλην τὴν νύκτα ἐκείνην, καὶ διέβαινον τὸν Ἰορδάνην, καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ὅλην τὴν παρατείνουσαν, καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν.
וְ/אַבְנֵ֣ר וַֽ/אֲנָשָׁ֗י/ו הָֽלְכוּ֙ בָּֽ/עֲרָבָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל הַ/לַּ֣יְלָה הַ/ה֑וּא וַ/יַּעַבְר֣וּ אֶת הַ/יַּרְדֵּ֗ן וַ/יֵּֽלְכוּ֙ כָּל הַ/בִּתְר֔וֹן וַ/יָּבֹ֖אוּ מַחֲנָֽיִם
2:30 Porro Joab reversus, omisso Abner, congregavit omnem populum : et defuerunt de pueris David decem et novem viri, excepto Asaele.
And Joab returning, after he had left Abner, assembled all the people: and there were wanting of David's servants nineteen men, beside Asael.
Καὶ Ἰωὰβ ἀνέστρεψεν ὄπισθεν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀβεννὴρ, καὶ συνήθροισε πάντα τὸν λαὸν, καὶ ἐπεσκέπησαν τῶν παίδων Δαυὶδ ἐννεακαίδεκα ἄνδρες,
וְ/יוֹאָ֗ב שָׁ֚ב מֵ/אַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֔ר וַ/יִּקְבֹּ֖ץ אֶת כָּל הָ/עָ֑ם וַ/יִּפָּ֨קְד֜וּ מֵ/עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד תִּשְׁעָֽה עָשָׂ֥ר אִ֖ישׁ וַ/עֲשָׂה אֵֽל
2:31 Servi autem David percusserunt de Benjamin, et de viris qui erant cum Abner, trecentos sexaginta, qui et mortui sunt.
But the servants of David had killed of Benjamin, and of the men that were with Abner, three hundred and sixty, who all died.
καὶ Ἀσαήλ. Καὶ οἱ παῖδες Δαυὶδ ἐπάταξαν τῶν υἱῶν Βενιαμὶν τῶν ἀνδρῶν Ἀβεννὴρ τριακοσίους ἑξήκοντα ἄνδρας παρʼ αὐτοῦ.
וְ/עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד הִכּוּ֙ מִ/בִּנְיָמִ֔ן וּ/בְ/אַנְשֵׁ֖י אַבְנֵ֑ר שְׁלֹשׁ מֵא֧וֹת וְ/שִׁשִּׁ֛ים אִ֖ישׁ מֵֽתוּ
2:32 Tuleruntque Asael, et sepelierunt eum in sepulchro patris sui in Bethlehem : et ambulaverunt tota nocte Joab et viri qui erant cum eo, et in ipso crepusculo pervenerunt in Hebron.
*H And they took Asael, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father in Bethlehem and Joab, and the men that were with him, marched all the night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.
Ver. 32. Day, after a march of ten hours. Adric. M.
Καὶ αἴρουσι τὸν Ἀσαὴλ, καὶ θάπτουσιν αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ τάφῳ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν Βηθλεέμ· καὶ ἐπορεύθη Ἰωὰβ καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ὅλην τὴν νύκτα, καὶ διέφαυσεν αὐτοῖς ἐν Χεβρών.
וַ/יִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל וַֽ/יִּקְבְּרֻ֨/הוּ֙ בְּ/קֶ֣בֶר אָבִ֔י/ו אֲשֶׁ֖ר בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם וַ/יֵּלְכ֣וּ כָל הַ/לַּ֗יְלָה יוֹאָב֙ וַֽ/אֲנָשָׁ֔י/ו וַ/יֵּאֹ֥ר לָ/הֶ֖ם בְּ/חֶבְרֽוֹן