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19:1 Nuntiatum est autem Joab quod rex fleret et lugeret filium suum,
* Footnotes
And it was told Joab, that the king wept and mourned for his son:
19_2 Καὶ ἀνηγγέλη τῷ Ἰωὰβ, λέγοντες, ἰδοῦ ὁ βασιλεὺς κλαίει καὶ πενθεῖ ἐπὶ Ἀβεσσαλώμ.
19_2 וַ/יֻּגַּ֖ד לְ/יוֹאָ֑ב הִנֵּ֨ה הַ/מֶּ֧לֶךְ בֹּכֶ֛ה וַ/יִּתְאַבֵּ֖ל עַל אַבְשָׁלֹֽם
19:2 et versa est victoria in luctum in die illa omni populo : audivit enim populus in die illa dici : Dolet rex super filio suo.
*H And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the people: for the people heard say that day: The king grieveth for his son.
Ver. 2. Mourning, as is commonly the case in civil wars. The king being oppressed with grief, a triumph was out of season. M.
19_3 Καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ σωτηρία ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ εἰς πένθος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ, ὅτι ἤκουσεν ὁ λαὸς ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, λέγων, ὅτι λυπεῖται ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ.
19_3 וַ/תְּהִ֨י הַ/תְּשֻׁעָ֜ה בַּ/יּ֥וֹם הַ/ה֛וּא לְ/אֵ֖בֶל לְ/כָל הָ/עָ֑ם כִּֽי שָׁמַ֣ע הָ/עָ֗ם בַּ/יּ֤וֹם הַ/הוּא֙ לֵ/אמֹ֔ר נֶעֱצַ֥ב הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל בְּנֽ/וֹ
19:3 Et declinavit populus in die illa ingredi civitatem, quomodo declinare solet populus versus et fugiens de praelio.
*H And the people shunned the going into the city that day as a people would do that hath turned their backs, and fled away from the battle.
Ver. 3. Shunned. Heb. "stole away," fearing to enter; though they did at last, in a clandestine manner, (C.) by another gate. M.
19_4 Καὶ διεκλέπτετο ὁ λαὸς ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ τοῦ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν πόλιν, καθὼς διακλέπτεται ὁ λαὸς οἱ αἰσχυνόμενοι ἐν τῷ αὐτοὺς φεύγειν ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ.
19_4 וַ/יִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב הָ/עָ֛ם בַּ/יּ֥וֹם הַ/ה֖וּא לָ/ב֣וֹא הָ/עִ֑יר כַּ/אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב הָ/עָם֙ הַ/נִּכְלָמִ֔ים בְּ/נוּסָ֖/ם בַּ/מִּלְחָמָֽה
19:4 Porro rex operuit caput suum, et clamabat voce magna : Fili mi Absalom, Absalom fili mi, fili mi.
*H And the king covered his head, and cried with a loud voice: O my son Absalom, O Absalom my son, O my son.
Ver. 4. Head, continuing to mourn. See C. xv. 30. — Absalom. The name is often repeated, as is usual on such occasions. Virg. Ec. v. — Thus Bion says, "I bewail Adonis. The beautiful Adonis is no more," &c.
19_5 Καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔκρυψε τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἔκραξεν ὁ βασιλεὺς φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, λέγων, υἱέ μου Ἀβεσσαλὼμ, Ἀβεσσαλὼμ υἱὲ μου.
19_5 וְ/הַ/מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ לָאַ֣ט אֶת פָּנָ֔י/ו וַ/יִּזְעַ֥ק הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ ק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל בְּנִ/י֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם בְּנִ֥/י בְנִֽ/י
19:5 Ingressus ergo Joab ad regem in domum, dixit : Confudisti hodie vultus omnium servorum tuorum, qui salvam fecerunt animam tuam, et animam filiorum tuorum et filiarum tuarum, et animam uxorum tuarum, et animam concubinarum tuarum.
*H Then Joab going into the house to the king, said: Thou hast shamed this day the faces of all thy servants, that have saved thy life, and the lives of thy sons, and of thy daughters, and the lives of thy wives, and the lives of thy concubines.
Ver. 5. Shamed; deceived the expectations. See Joel ii. 12. Joab was one of those who spoil all their services by ostentation and rudeness. Like the first Anthony, Immodicus linguâ, obsequii insolens, nimius commemorandis quæ meruisset. Tacit. Hist. iv. — He speaks to David, his king, as one friend would not do to another. "That sort of men is truly odious, who upbraid with their kindness; which those who have experienced, rather than the authors, ought to remember." Cicero. Amicit.
19_6 Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ἰωὰβ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα εἰς τὸν οἶκον, καὶ εἶπε, κατῄσχυνας σήμερον τὰ πρόσωπα πάντων τῶν δούλων σου τῶν ἐξαιρουμένων σε σήμερον, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν τῶν υἱῶν σου, καὶ τῶν θυγατέρων σου, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν τῶν γυναικῶν σου, καὶ τῶν παλλακῶν σου,
19_6 וַ/יָּבֹ֥א יוֹאָ֛ב אֶל הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ הַ/בָּ֑יִת וַ/יֹּאמֶר֩ הֹבַ֨שְׁתָּ הַ/יּ֜וֹם אֶת פְּנֵ֣י כָל עֲבָדֶ֗י/ךָ הַֽ/מְמַלְּטִ֤ים אֶֽת נַפְשְׁ/ךָ֙ הַ/יּ֔וֹם וְ/אֵ֨ת נֶ֤פֶשׁ בָּנֶ֨י/ךָ֙ וּ/בְנֹתֶ֔י/ךָ וְ/נֶ֣פֶשׁ נָשֶׁ֔י/ךָ וְ/נֶ֖פֶשׁ פִּלַגְשֶֽׁי/ךָ
19:6 Diligis odientes te, et odio habes diligentes te : et ostendisti hodie quia non curas de ducibus tuis et de servis tuis : et vere cognovi modo, quia si Absalom viveret, et omnes nos occubuissemus, tunc placeret tibi.
*H Thou lovest them that hate thee, and thou hatest them that love thee: and thou hast shewn this day that thou carest not for thy nobles, nor for thy servants: and I now plainly perceive that if Absalom had lived, and all we had been slain, then it would have pleased thee.
Ver. 6. Thee. What insolence! Kings are often forced to brook the affronts of their higher servants, as well as other masters. There is a gradation in human affairs, which makes the next in dignity and power think himself equal to the highest. Similis ero altissimo. Isai. xiv. 14. H. — David sincerely desired the welfare of all his people, as well as of Absalom. M.
19_7 τοῦ ἀγαπᾷν τοὺς μισοῦντάς σε, καὶ μισεῖν τοὺς ἀγαπῶντάς σε· καὶ ἀνήγγειλας σήμερον, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν οἱ ἄρχοντές σου, οὐδὲ παῖδες· ὅτι ἔγνωκα σήμερον, ὅτι εἰ Ἀβεσσαλὼμ ἔζη, πάντες ἡμεῖς σήμερον νεκροί, ὅτι τότε τὸ εὐθὲς ἦν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου.
19_7 לְ/אַֽהֲבָה֙ אֶת שֹׂ֣נְאֶ֔י/ךָ וְ/לִ/שְׂנֹ֖א אֶת אֹהֲבֶ֑י/ךָ כִּ֣י הִגַּ֣דְתָּ הַ/יּ֗וֹם כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין לְ/ךָ֙ שָׂרִ֣ים וַ/עֲבָדִ֔ים כִּ֣י יָדַ֣עְתִּי הַ/יּ֗וֹם כִּ֠י לא ל֣וּ אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם חַי֙ וְ/כֻלָּ֤/נוּ הַ/יּוֹם֙ מֵתִ֔ים כִּי אָ֖ז יָשָׁ֥ר בְּ/עֵינֶֽי/ךָ
* Summa
*S Part 3,
Ques 25,
Article 8
[II-II, Q. 25, Art. 8]
Whether Charity Requires That We Should Love Our Enemies?
Objection 1: It would seem that charity does not require us to love our enemies. For Augustine says (Enchiridion lxxiii) that "this great good," namely, the love of our enemies, is "not so universal in its application, as the object of our petition when we say: Forgive us our trespasses." Now no one is forgiven sin without he have charity, because, according to Prov. 10:12, "charity covereth all sins." Therefore charity does not require that we should love our enemies.
Obj. 2: Further, charity does not do away with nature. Now everything, even an irrational being, naturally hates its contrary, as a lamb hates a wolf, and water fire. Therefore charity does not make us love our enemies.
Obj. 3: Further, charity "doth nothing perversely" (1 Cor. 13:4). Now it seems perverse to love one's enemies, as it would be to hate one's friends: hence Joab upbraided David by saying (2 Kings 19:6): "Thou lovest them that hate thee, and thou hatest them that love thee." Therefore charity does not make us love our enemies.
_On the contrary,_ Our Lord said (Matt. 4:44): "Love your enemies."
_I answer that,_ Love of one's enemies may be understood in three ways. First, as though we were to love our enemies as such: this is perverse, and contrary to charity, since it implies love of that which is evil in another.
Secondly love of one's enemies may mean that we love them as to their nature, but in general: and in this sense charity requires that we should love our enemies, namely, that in loving God and our neighbor, we should not exclude our enemies from the love given to our neighbor in general.
Thirdly, love of one's enemies may be considered as specially directed to them, namely, that we should have a special movement of love towards our enemies. Charity does not require this absolutely, because it does not require that we should have a special movement of love to every individual man, since this would be impossible. Nevertheless charity does require this, in respect of our being prepared in mind, namely, that we should be ready to love our enemies individually, if the necessity were to occur. That man should actually do so, and love his enemy for God's sake, without it being necessary for him to do so, belongs to the perfection of charity. For since man loves his neighbor, out of charity, for God's sake, the more he loves God, the more does he put enmities aside and show love towards his neighbor: thus if we loved a certain man very much, we would love his children though they were unfriendly towards us. This is the sense in which Augustine speaks in the passage quoted in the First Objection, the Reply to which is therefore evident.
Reply Obj. 2: Everything naturally hates its contrary as such. Now our enemies are contrary to us, as enemies, wherefore this itself should be hateful to us, for their enmity should displease us. They are not, however, contrary to us, as men and capable of happiness: and it is as such that we are bound to love them.
Reply Obj. 3: It is wrong to love one's enemies as such: charity does not do this, as stated above. _______________________
NINTH
19:7 Nunc igitur surge, et procede, et alloquens satisfac servis tuis : juro enim tibi per Dominum quod si non exieris, ne unus quidem remansurus sit tecum nocte hac : et pejus erit hoc tibi quam omnia mala quae venerunt super te ab adolescentia tua usque in praesens.
*H Now therefore arise, and go out, and speak to the satisfaction of thy servants: for I swear to thee by the Lord, that if thou wilt not go forth, there will not tarry with thee so much as one this night: and that will be worse to thee, than all the evils that have befallen thee from thy youth until now.
Ver. 7. To. (satisfac). Heb. "speak to the heart," &c. with a cheerful countenance, to testify that their services will be rewarded. C.
19_8 Καὶ νῦν ἀναστὰς ἔξελθε καὶ λάλησον εἰς τὴν καρδίαν τῶν δούλων σου, ὅτι ἐν Κυρίῳ ὤμοσα, ὅτι εἰ μὴ ἐκπορεύσῃ σήμερον, εἰ αὐλισθήσεται ἀνὴρ μετὰ σοῦ τὴν νύκτα ταύτην· καὶ ἐπίγνωθι σεαυτῷ, καὶ κακόν σοι τοῦτο ὑπὲρ πᾶν τὸ κακὸν τὸ ἐπελθόν σοι ἐκ νεότητός σου ἕως τοῦ νῦν.
19_8 וְ/עַתָּה֙ ק֣וּם צֵ֔א וְ/דַבֵּ֖ר עַל לֵ֣ב עֲבָדֶ֑י/ךָ כִּי֩ בַ/יהוָ֨ה נִשְׁבַּ֜עְתִּי כִּי אֵינְ/ךָ֣ יוֹצֵ֗א אִם יָלִ֨ין אִ֤ישׁ אִתְּ/ךָ֙ הַ/לַּ֔יְלָה וְ/רָעָ֧ה לְ/ךָ֣ זֹ֗את מִ/כָּל הָ/רָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁר בָּ֣אָה עָלֶ֔י/ךָ מִ/נְּעֻרֶ֖י/ךָ עַד עָֽתָּה
19:8 Surrexit ergo rex et sedit in porta : et omni populo nuntiatum est quod rex sederet in porta. Venitque universa multitudo coram rege : Israel autem fugit in tabernacula sua.
*H Then the king arose and sat in the gate: and it was told to all the people that the king sat in the gate: and all the people came before the king, but Israel fled to their own dwellings.
Ver. 8. Israel, the rebels, as distinguished from Juda, or those who adhered to David; though many of all the tribes had sided with Absalom, v. 11. H.
19_9 Καὶ ἀνέστη ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐν τῇ πύλῃ· καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ἀνήγγειλαν, λέγοντες, ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεὺς κάθηται ἐν τῇ πύλῃ· καὶ εἰσῆλθε πᾶς ὁ λαὸς κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην· καὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἔφυγεν ἀνὴρ εἰς τὰ σκηνώματα αὐτοῦ.
19_9 וַ/יָּ֥קָם הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ וַ/יֵּ֣שֶׁב בַּ/שָּׁ֑עַר וּֽ/לְ/כָל הָ/עָ֞ם הִגִּ֣ידוּ לֵ/אמֹ֗ר הִנֵּ֤ה הַ/מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּ/שַּׁ֔עַר וַ/יָּבֹ֤א כָל הָ/עָם֙ לִ/פְנֵ֣י הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ וְ/יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נָ֖ס אִ֥ישׁ לְ/אֹהָלָֽי/ו
19:9 Omnis quoque populus certabat in cunctis tribubus Israel, dicens : Rex liberavit nos de manu inimicorum nostrorum ; ipse salvavit nos de manu Philisthinorum : et nunc fugit de terra propter Absalom.
And all the people were at strife in all the tribes of Israel, saying: The king delivered us out of the hand of our enemies, and he saved us out of the hand of the Philistines: and now he is fled out of the land for Absalom.
19_10 Καὶ ἦν πᾶς ὁ λαὸς κρινόμενος ἐν πάσαις φυλαῖς Ἰσραὴλ, λέγοντες, ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαυὶδ ἐῤῥύσατο ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐξείλετο ἡμᾶς ἐκ χειρὸς ἀλλοφύλων· καὶ νῦν πέφευγεν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀπὸ Ἀβεσσαλώμ.
19_10 וַ/יְהִ֤י כָל הָ/עָם֙ נָד֔וֹן בְּ/כָל שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵ/אמֹ֑ר הַ/מֶּ֜לֶךְ הִצִּילָ֣/נוּ מִ/כַּ֣ף אֹיְבֵ֗י/נוּ וְ/ה֤וּא מִלְּטָ֨/נוּ֙ מִ/כַּ֣ף פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְ/עַתָּ֛ה בָּרַ֥ח מִן הָ/אָ֖רֶץ מֵ/עַ֥ל אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם
19:10 Absalom autem, quem unximus super nos, mortuus est in bello : usquequo siletis, et non reducitis regem ?
*H But Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead in the battle: how long are you silent, and bring not back the king?
Ver. 10. Silent; inactive and indifferent, as this word often denotes. Jos. x. 12. C.
19_11 Καὶ Ἀβεσσαλὼμ, ὃν ἐχρίσαμεν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, ἀπέθανεν ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ· καὶ νῦν ἱνατί ὑμεῖς κωφεύετε τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι τὸν βασιλέα; καὶ τὸ ῥῆμα παντὸς Ἰσραὴλ ἦλθε πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα.
19_11 וְ/אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָשַׁ֣חְנוּ עָלֵ֔י/נוּ מֵ֖ת בַּ/מִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְ/עַתָּ֗ה לָ/מָ֥ה אַתֶּ֛ם מַחֲרִשִׁ֖ים לְ/הָשִׁ֥יב אֶת הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ
19:11 Rex vero David misit ad Sadoc et Abiathar sacerdotes, dicens : Loquimini ad majores natu Juda, dicentes : Cur venitis novissimi ad reducendum regem in domum suam ? (Sermo autem omnis Israel pervenerat ad regem in domo ejus.)
*H And king David sent to Sadoc, and Abiathar the priests, saying: Speak to the ancients of Juda, saying: Why are you the last to bring the king back to his house? (For the talk of all Israel was come to the king in his house.)
Ver. 11. Priests, whose influence was very great. H. — Last. David, like an able politician, shews the men of his own tribe, how dishonourable it will be for them to be outdone by the rest. C. — Talk: reported by a solemn embassy. S. Jer. Trad. M. — Sept. λογος, "the word, (H.) council," &c. Salien.
19_12 Καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαυὶδ ἀπέστειλε πρὸς Σαδὼκ καὶ πρὸς Ἀβιάθαρ τοῦς ἱερεῖς, λέγων, λαλήσατε πρὸς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους Ἰούδα, λέγοντες, ἱνατί γίνεσθε ἔσχατοι τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι τὸν βασιλέα εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ; καὶ λόγος παντὸς Ἰσραὴλ ἦλθε πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ.
19_12 וְ/הַ/מֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד שָׁ֠לַח אֶל צָד֨וֹק וְ/אֶל אֶבְיָתָ֥ר הַ/כֹּהֲנִים֮ לֵ/אמֹר֒ דַּבְּר֞וּ אֶל זִקְנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ לֵ/אמֹ֔ר לָ֤/מָּה תִֽהְיוּ֙ אַֽחֲרֹנִ֔ים לְ/הָשִׁ֥יב אֶת הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל בֵּית֑/וֹ וּ/דְבַר֙ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ֥א אֶל הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל בֵּיתֽ/וֹ
19:12 Fratres mei vos, os meum, et caro mea vos, quare novissimi reducitis regem ?
You are my brethren, you are my bone, and my flesh, why are you the last to bring back the king?
19_13 Ἀδελφοί μου ὑμεῖς, ὀστᾶ μου καὶ σάρκες μου ὑμεῖς· ἱνατί γίνεσθε ἔσχατοι τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι τὸν βασιλέα εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ;
19_13 אַחַ֣/י אַתֶּ֔ם עַצְמִ֥/י וּ/בְשָׂרִ֖/י אַתֶּ֑ם וְ/לָ֧/מָּה תִהְי֛וּ אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים לְ/הָשִׁ֥יב אֶת הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ
19:13 Et Amasae dicite : Nonne os meum, et caro mea es ? haec faciat mihi Deus, et haec addat, si non magister militiae fueris coram me omni tempore pro Joab.
*H And say ye to Amasa: Art not thou my bone, and my flesh? So do God to me and add more, if thou be not the chief captain of the army before me always in the place of Joab.
Ver. 13. Flesh? Amasa was his nephew, and as he had been appointed general by Absalom, his influence would be the greatest to bring back those who had given into the delusion. A sense of his misconduct would also render him more humble, and easier to manage than Joab, whose insolence caused him to be insupportable to the king. David designed to transfer the authority of the latter, (C.) which he had now enjoyed 23 years, since the taking of Sion. David's promise did not oblige him to keep Joab in that office for life, if his conduct should prove unsatisfactory. Hence he appointed Amasa to pursue the rebels, and afterwards Abisai, setting Joab aside. But the haughty warrior supplanted both, and retained the command, as it were in spite of his sovereign. C. xx. 4. 15. &c. H.
19_14 καὶ τῷ Ἀμεσσαῒ; ἐρεῖτε, οὐχὶ ὀστοῦν μου καὶ σάρξ μου σύ; καὶ νῦν τάδε ποιήσαι μοι ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τάδε προσθείη, εἰ μὴ ἄρχων δυνάμεως ἔσῃ ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἀντὶ Ἰωάβ.
19_14 וְ/לַֽ/עֲמָשָׂא֙ תֹּֽמְר֔וּ הֲ/ל֛וֹא עַצְמִ֥/י וּ/בְשָׂרִ֖/י אָ֑תָּה כֹּ֣ה יַֽעֲשֶׂה לִּ֤/י אֱלֹהִים֙ וְ/כֹ֣ה יוֹסִ֔יף אִם לֹ֠א שַׂר צָבָ֞א תִּהְיֶ֧ה לְ/פָנַ֛/י כָּל הַ/יָּמִ֖ים תַּ֥חַת יוֹאָֽב
19:14 Et inclinavit cor omnium virorum Juda quasi viri unius : miseruntque ad regem, dicentes : Revertere tu, et omnes servi tui.
*H And he inclined the heart of all the men of Juda, as it were of one man: and they sent to the king, saying: Return thou, and all thy servants.
Ver. 14. And he; God, David, or rather Amasa. C. — All contributed, in different degrees, to bring about his happy union. H.
19_15 Καὶ ἔκλινε τὴν καρδίαν παντὸς ἀνδρὸς Ἰούδα ὡς ἀνδρὸς ἑνός· καὶ ἀπέστειλαν πρὸς τὸν βασιλεα, λέγοντες, ἐπιστράφηθι σὺ καὶ πάντες οἱ δοῦλοί σου.
19_15 וַ/יַּ֛ט אֶת לְבַ֥ב כָּל אִישׁ יְהוּדָ֖ה כְּ/אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וַֽ/יִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ אֶל הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ שׁ֥וּב אַתָּ֖ה וְ/כָל עֲבָדֶֽי/ךָ
19:15 Et reversus est rex, et venit usque ad Jordanem : et omnis Juda venit usque in Galgalam ut occurreret regi, et traduceret eum Jordanem.
*H And the king returned and came as far as the Jordan, and all Juda came as far as Galgal to meet the king, and to bring him over the Jordan.
Ver. 15. Galgal, and thence proceeded across the Jordan, (C.) an hour and a half's walk. M.
19_16 Καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ὁ βασιλεὺς, καὶ ἦλθεν ἕως τοῦ Ἰορδάνου· καὶ ἄνδρες Ἰούδα ἦλθαν εἰς Γάλγαλα τοῦ πορεύεσθαι εἰς ἀπαντὴν τοῦ βασιλέως, διαβιβάσαι τὸν βασιλέα τὸν Ἰορδάνην.
19_16 וַ/יָּ֣שָׁב הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ וַ/יָּבֹ֖א עַד הַ/יַּרְדֵּ֑ן וִ/יהוּדָ֞ה בָּ֣א הַ/גִּלְגָּ֗לָ/ה לָ/לֶ֨כֶת֙ לִ/קְרַ֣את הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ לְ/הַעֲבִ֥יר אֶת הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶת הַ/יַּרְדֵּֽן
19:16 Festinavit autem Semei filius Gera filii Jemini de Bahurim, et descendit cum viris Juda in occursum regis David,
* Footnotes
*H And Semei the son of Gera the son of Jemini of Bahurim, made haste and went down with the men of Juda to meet king David,
Ver. 16. Semei, who had cursed David in his adversity, is now ready to fawn upon him, when he sees him restored to his throne. He was chief of a thousand, in Benjamin.
19_17 Καὶ ἐτάχυνε Σεμεῒ υἱὸς Γηρὰ υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἰεμινὶ ἐκ Βαουρὶμ, καὶ κατέβη μετὰ ἀνδρὸς Ἰούδα εἰς ἀπαντὴν τοῦ βασιλέως Δαυίδ,
19_17 וַ/יְמַהֵ֗ר שִׁמְעִ֤י בֶן גֵּרָא֙ בֶּן הַ/יְמִינִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִ/בַּֽחוּרִ֑ים וַ/יֵּ֨רֶד֙ עִם אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה לִ/קְרַ֖את הַ/מֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִֽד
19:17 cum mille viris de Benjamin, et Siba puer de domo Saul : et quindecim filii ejus, ac viginti servi erant cum eo : et irrumpentes Jordanem, ante regem
*H With a thousand men of Benjamin, and Siba the servant of the house of Saul: and his fifteen sons, and twenty servants were with him: and going over the Jordan,
Ver. 17. Over, or "into:" (irrumpentes. H.) probably on horseback. M.
19_18 καὶ χίλιοι ἄνδρες μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐκ τοῦ Βενιαμὶν, καὶ Σιβὰ τὸ παιδάριον τοῦ οἴκου Σαοὺλ, καὶ πεντεκαίδεκα υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἴκοσι δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτοῦ· καὶ κατεύθυναν τὸν Ἰορδάνην ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βασιλέως,
19_18 וְ/אֶ֨לֶף אִ֣ישׁ עִמּ/וֹ֮ מִ/בִּנְיָמִן֒ וְ/צִיבָ֗א נַ֚עַר בֵּ֣ית שָׁא֔וּל וַ/חֲמֵ֨שֶׁת עָשָׂ֥ר בָּנָ֛י/ו וְ/עֶשְׂרִ֥ים עֲבָדָ֖י/ו אִתּ֑/וֹ וְ/צָלְח֥וּ הַ/יַּרְדֵּ֖ן לִ/פְנֵ֥י הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ
19:18 transierunt vada, ut traducerent domum regis, et facerent juxta jussionem ejus : Semei autem filius Gera prostratus coram rege, cum jam transisset Jordanem,
*H They passed the fords before the king, that they might help over the king's household, and do according to his commandment. And Semei the son of Gera falling down before the king, when he was come over the Jordan,
Ver. 18. Fords. Heb. also, "they took over the ferry-boat;" (C.) or, "there went across a ferry-boat to carry over the," &c.
19_19 καὶ ἐλειτούργησαν τὴν λειτουργίαν τοῦ διαβιβάσαι τὸν βασιλέα· καὶ διέβη ἡ διάβασις τοῦ ἐξεγεῖραι τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸ εὐθὲς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ. Καὶ Σεμεῒ υἱὸς Γηρὰ ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἐνώπιον τοῦ βασιλέως, διαβαίνοντος αὐτοῦ τὸν Ἰορδάνην,
19_19 וְ/עָבְרָ֣ה הָ/עֲבָרָ֗ה לַֽ/עֲבִיר֙ אֶת בֵּ֣ית הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ וְ/לַ/עֲשׂ֥וֹת הַ/טּ֖וֹב ב/עינ/ו בְּ/עֵינָ֑י/ו וְ/שִׁמְעִ֣י בֶן גֵּרָ֗א נָפַל֙ לִ/פְנֵ֣י הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּ/עָבְר֖/וֹ בַּ/יַּרְדֵּֽן
19:19 dixit ad eum : Ne reputes mihi, domine mi, iniquitatem, neque memineris injuriarum servi tui in die qua egressus es, domine mi rex, de Jerusalem, neque ponas, rex, in corde tuo.
Said to him: Impute not to me, my lord, the iniquity, nor remember the injuries of thy servant on the day that thou, my lord, the king, wentest out of Jerusalem, nor lay it up in thy heart, O king.
19_20 καὶ εἶπε πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, μὴ δὴ λογισάσθω ὁ κύριός μου ἀνομίαν, καὶ μὴ μνησθῇς ὅσα ἠδίκησεν ὁ παῖς σου ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ὁ κύριός μου ἐξεπορεύετο ἐξ Ἰερουσαλὴμ, τοῦ θέσθαι τὸν βασιλέα εἰς τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ.
19_20 וַ/יֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל הַ/מֶּ֗לֶךְ אַל יַחֲשָׁב לִ֣/י אֲדֹנִ/י֮ עָוֺן֒ וְ/אַל תִּזְכֹּ֗ר אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶעֱוָ֣ה עַבְדְּ/ךָ֔ בַּ/יּ֕וֹם אֲשֶׁר יָׄצָ֥ׄאׄ אֲדֹנִֽ/י הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ מִ/ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לָ/שׂ֥וּם הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל לִבּֽ/וֹ
19:20 Agnosco enim servus tuus peccatum meum : et idcirco hodie primus veni de omni domo Joseph, descendique in occursum domini mei regis.
*H For I thy servant acknowledge my sin: and therefore I am come this day the first of all the house of Joseph, and am come down to meet my lord the king.
Ver. 20. Joseph. Semei was a Benjamite: but Joseph designates all the Israelites, except those of Juda, (W.) as these two possessed the birth-right of Ruben. 1 Par. v. 1. M. See Ps. lxxix. 1. Zac. x. 6. — But we may translate with the Sept. "before all the house of Joseph." Chal. Syr. &c. C.
19_21 Ὅτι ἔγνω ὁ δοῦλός σου ὅτι ἐγὼ ἥμαρτον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἦλθον σήμερον πρότερος παντὸς Ἰσραὴλ καὶ οἴκου Ἰωσὴφ, τοῦ καταβῆναί με εἰς ἀπαντὴν τοῦ κυρίου μου τοῦ βασιλέως.
19_21 כִּ֚י יָדַ֣ע עַבְדְּ/ךָ֔ כִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י חָטָ֑אתִי וְ/הִנֵּֽה בָ֣אתִי הַ/יּ֗וֹם רִאשׁוֹן֙ לְ/כָל בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף לָ/רֶ֕דֶת לִ/קְרַ֖את אֲדֹנִ֥/י הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ
19:21 Respondens vero Abisai filius Sarviae, dixit : Numquid pro his verbis non occidetur Semei, quia maledixit christo Domini ?
But Abisai the son of Sarvia answering, said: Shall Semei for these words not be put to death, because he cursed the Lord's anointed?
19_22 Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ἀβεσσαὲ υἱὸς Σαρουίας, καὶ εἶπε, μὴ ἀντὶ τούτου οὐ θανατωθήσεται Σεμεῒ, ὅτι κατηράσατο τὸν χριστὸν Κυρίου;
19_22 וַ/יַּ֨עַן אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן צְרוּיָה֙ וַ/יֹּ֔אמֶר הֲ/תַ֣חַת זֹ֔את לֹ֥א יוּמַ֖ת שִׁמְעִ֑י כִּ֥י קִלֵּ֖ל אֶת מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָֽה
19:22 Et ait David : Quid mihi et vobis, filii Sarviae ? cur efficimini mihi hodie in satan ? ergone hodie interficietur vir in Israel ? an ignoro hodie me factum regem super Israel ?
*H And David said: What have I to do with you, ye sons of Sarvia? why are you a satan this day to me? shall there any man be killed this day in Israel? do not I know that this day I am made king over Israel?
Ver. 22. Sons. He refers to the preceding opposition of Joab, whom Abisai was beginning to imitate. H. — Satan; adversary. Mat. xvi. 23. — This day. Formerly, no one was to be put to death on days of rejoicing, and the prisoners were liberated when the king ascended the throne. A malefactor continued for a long time to be set free on the day of the passover. Mat. xxvii. 15. C. — The Romans would never punish any one with death, on the days "whenever (Augustus) entered the city." Sueton. lvii. — David considers this memorable day as a new epoch of his sovereignty, and will not suffer it to be rendered sorrowful. See 1 K. xi. 13. H. — The punishment of Semei might have had the most pernicious consequences, as the rest of Israel would have feared a similar treatment. M. — Salien, A. 3010.
19_23 Καὶ εἶπε Δαυίδ, τί ἐμοὶ καὶ ὑμῖν, υἱοὶ Σαρουίας, ὅτι γίνεσθέ μοι σήμερον εἰς ἐπίβουλον; σήμερον οὐ θανατωθήσεταί τις ἀνὴρ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ· ὅτι οὐκ οἴδα εἰ σήμερον βασιλεύω ἐγὼ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰσραήλ.
19_23 וַ/יֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד מַה לִּ֤/י וְ/לָ/כֶם֙ בְּנֵ֣י צְרוּיָ֔ה כִּי תִֽהְיוּ לִ֥/י הַ/יּ֖וֹם לְ/שָׂטָ֑ן הַ/יּ֗וֹם י֤וּמַת אִישׁ֙ בְּ/יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֚י הֲ/ל֣וֹא יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י הַ/יּ֖וֹם אֲנִי מֶ֥לֶךְ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל
19:23 Et ait rex Semei : Non morieris. Juravitque ei.
*H And the king said to Semei: Thou shalt not die. And he swore unto him.
Ver. 23. Die, during my life, (M.) or by my hand, without some farther transgression. Hence the oath is worded, I will not kill thee with the sword. 3 K. ii. 8. H. — Solomon was charged not to let his crime pass unpunished. But he did not kill him till he had shewed his disobedience. C. — The oaths of parents do not always (H.) pertain to their heirs. Grotius.
19_24 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς Σεμεῒ, οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃς· καὶ ὤμοσεν αὐτῷ ὁ βασιλεύς.
19_24 וַ/יֹּ֧אמֶר הַ/מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶל שִׁמְעִ֖י לֹ֣א תָמ֑וּת וַ/יִּשָּׁ֥בַֽע ל֖/וֹ הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ
19:24 Miphiboseth quoque filius Saul descendit in occursum regis, illotis pedibus et intonsa barba : vestesque suas non laverat a die qua egressus fuerat rex, usque ad diem reversionis ejus in pace.
*H And Miphiboseth the son of Saul came down to meet the king, and he had neither washed his feet, nor trimmed his beard: nor washed his garments from the day that the king went out, until the day of his return in peace.
Ver. 24. Feet, which was very requisite in those countries, to prevent a disagreeable smell, for which the Jews were noted. Martial iv. 4. — Ammianus (2) speaking of the emperor Marcus says, Cum Palestinam transiret, fœtentium Juædorum et tumultuantium sæpe tædio percitur. Some have thought that this odour was removed by baptism. Basnage, T. iii. p. 194. Rom. Sept. adds, "neither had he cut his nails, nor (made or) dressed his mustaches," or upper lip. The chin, as far as the ears, was not shaved by the Jews. To cut all the hair was a mark of sorrow, no less than to neglect dressing it. See Lev. xxi. 5. C. — By the external appearance of Miphiboseth, David might be convinced that he had indulged his grief for a long time; (M.) which might serve to remove the ill impressions which he had received against the helpless son of his friend Jonathan.
19_25 Καὶ Μεμφιβοσθὲ υἱὸς υἱοῦ Σαοὺλ κατέβη εἰς ἀπαντὴν τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ οὐκ ἐθεράπευσε τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ, οὐδὲ ὠνυχίσατο, οὐδὲ ἐποίησε τὸν μύστακα αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἀπέπλυνεν, ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἀπῆλθεν ὁ βασιλεὺς, ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς αὐτὸς παρεγένετο ἐν εἰρήνῃ.
19_25 וּ/מְפִבֹ֨שֶׁת֙ בֶּן שָׁא֔וּל יָרַ֖ד לִ/קְרַ֣את הַ/מֶּ֑לֶךְ וְ/לֹא עָשָׂ֨ה רַגְלָ֜י/ו וְ/לֹא עָשָׂ֣ה שְׂפָמ֗/וֹ וְ/אֶת בְּגָדָי/ו֙ לֹ֣א כִבֵּ֔ס לְ/מִן הַ/יּוֹם֙ לֶ֣כֶת הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ עַד הַ/יּ֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר בָּ֥א בְ/שָׁלֽוֹם
19:25 Cumque Jerusalem occurrisset regi, dixit ei rex : Quare non venisti mecum, Miphiboseth ?
*H And when he met the king at Jerusalem, the king said to him: Why camest thou not with me, Miphiboseth?
Ver. 25. Met. Prot. "was come to Jerusalem, to meet the king." H. — But his usual residence was in the city, where Siba had left him. C. xvi. 3. We should therefore translate, "And coming to meet the king at his arrival in Jerusalem." C.
19_26 Καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ εἰς ἀπάντησιν τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ βασιλεὺς, τί ὅτι οὐκ ἐπορεύθης μετʼ ἐμοῦ, Μεμφιβοσθέ;
19_26 וַ/יְהִ֛י כִּי בָ֥א יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לִ/קְרַ֣את הַ/מֶּ֑לֶךְ וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר ל/וֹ֙ הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֛/מָּה לֹא הָלַ֥כְתָּ עִמִּ֖/י מְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת
19:26 Et respondens ait : Domine mi rex, servus meus contempsit me : dixique ei ego famulus tuus ut sterneret mihi asinum, et ascendens abirem cum rege : claudus enim sum servus tuus.
*H And he answering, said: My lord, O king, my servant despised me: for I thy servant spoke to him to saddle me an ass, that I might get on and go with the king: for I thy servant am lame.
Ver. 26. Despised. Heb. and Chal. "acted treacherously with me." M.
19_27 Καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτὸν Μεμφιβοσθὲ, κύριέ μου βασιλεῦ, ὁ δοῦλός μου παρελογίσατό με, ὅτι εἶπεν ὁ παῖς σου αὐτῷ, ἐπίσαξόν μοι τὴν ὄνον, καὶ ἐπιβῶ ἐπʼ αὐτὴν, καὶ πορεύσομαι μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως, ὅτι χωλὸς ὁ δοῦλός σου.
19_27 וַ/יֹּאמַ֕ר אֲדֹנִ֥/י הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ עַבְדִּ֣/י רִמָּ֑/נִי כִּֽי אָמַ֨ר עַבְדְּ/ךָ֜ אֶחְבְּשָׁה לִּ/י֩ הַ/חֲמ֨וֹר וְ/אֶרְכַּ֤ב עָלֶ֨י/הָ֙ וְ/אֵלֵ֣ךְ אֶת הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֥י פִסֵּ֖חַ עַבְדֶּֽ/ךָ
19:27 Insuper et accusavit me servum tuum ad te dominum meum regem : tu autem, domine mi rex, sicut angelus Dei es : fac quod placitum est tibi.
* Footnotes
*H Moreover he hath also accused me thy servant to thee, my lord the king: but thou my lord the king art as an angel of God, do what pleaseth thee.
Ver. 27. God. It is not necessary for me to say any more in my defence. Thou art convinced of my innocence; and the accusation was in itself improbable, as I could never expect to be better treated by another king. I am resigned to abide by thy decision. H. — I cannot complain. C.
19_28 Καὶ μεθώδευσεν ἐν τῷ δούλῳ σου πρὸς τὸν κύριόν μου τὸν βασιλέα· καὶ ὁ κύριός μου ὁ βασιλεὺς ὡς ἄγγελος τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ποίησον τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου.
19_28 וַ/יְרַגֵּ֣ל בְּ/עַבְדְּ/ךָ֔ אֶל אֲדֹנִ֖/י הַ/מֶּ֑לֶךְ וַ/אדֹנִ֤/י הַ/מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ כְּ/מַלְאַ֣ךְ הָ/אֱלֹהִ֔ים וַ/עֲשֵׂ֥ה הַ/טּ֖וֹב בְּ/עֵינֶֽי/ךָ
19:28 Neque enim fuit domus patris mei, nisi morti obnoxia domino meo regi : tu autem posuisti me servum tuum inter convivas mensae tuae : quid ergo habeo justae querelae ? aut quid possum ultra vociferari ad regem ?
*H For all of my father's house were no better than worthy of death before my lord the king; and thou hast set me thy servant among the guests of thy table: what just complaint therefore have I? or what right to cry any more to the king?
Ver. 28. Death, on account of Saul's persecution, and his sons assuming the purple; so that all his adherents might have been justly slain. C. — Cry, as if I had been wronged. M.
19_29 Ὅτι οὐκ ἦν πᾶς ὁ οἶκος τοῦ πατρός μου, ἀλλʼ ἢ ὅτι ἄνδρες θανάτου τῷ κυρίῳ μου τῷ βασιλεῖ, καὶ ἔθηκας τὸν δοῦλόν σου ἐν τοῖς ἐσθίουσι τὴν τράπεζάν σου· καὶ τί ἐστι μοὶ ἔτι δικαίωμα, καὶ τοῦ κεκραγέναι με ἔτι πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα;
19_29 כִּי֩ לֹ֨א הָיָ֜ה כָּל בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֗/י כִּ֤י אִם אַנְשֵׁי מָ֨וֶת֙ לַ/אדֹנִ֣/י הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ וַ/תָּ֨שֶׁת֙ אֶֽת עַבְדְּ/ךָ֔ בְּ/אֹכְלֵ֖י שֻׁלְחָנֶ֑/ךָ וּ/מַה יֶּשׁ לִ֥/י עוֹד֙ צְדָקָ֔ה וְ/לִ/זְעֹ֥ק ע֖וֹד אֶל הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ
19:29 Ait ergo ei rex : Quid ultra loqueris ? fixum est quod locutus sum : tu et Siba dividite possessiones.
*H Then the king said to him: Why speakest thou any more? what I have said is determined: thou and Siba divide the possessions.
Ver. 29. More. Heb. adds, "concerning thy affairs. I have said, Thou and Siba divide the inheritance." H. — Thou as the owner, Siba as the administrator, or steward, as he was before. Jun. Malv. — Sanchez thinks that David made a compensation to Miphiboseth, for what he left in the hands of his servant, as he did not wish to disturb the harmony of the day, nor to inflict any punishment on offenders. M. — But most interpreters accuse David of injustice, in suffering Siba to reap the fruits of his perfidy, &c. Salien. C. &c. — It is not probable, however, that he would deviate from his wonted generosity, nor suffer Miphiboseth to be injured, if he were convinced of his innocence. Perhaps he might judge it expedient that Siba should have a separate establishment, as he was now unfit to act in his former capacity, and had shewn some sort of affection towards his sovereign, when his own son, and most of his subjects, had revolted against him. H.
19_30 Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ βασιλεὺς, ἱνατί λαλεῖς ἔτι τοὺς λόγους σου; εἶπον, σὺ καὶ Σιβὰ διελεῖσθε τὸν ἀγρόν.
19_30 וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר ל/וֹ֙ הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֛/מָּה תְּדַבֵּ֥ר ע֖וֹד דְּבָרֶ֑י/ךָ אָמַ֕רְתִּי אַתָּ֣ה וְ/צִיבָ֔א תַּחְלְק֖וּ אֶת הַ/שָּׂדֶֽה
19:30 Responditque Miphiboseth regi : Etiam cuncta accipiat, postquam reversus est dominus meus rex pacifice in domum suam.
*H And Miphiboseth answered the king: Yea, let him take all, forasmuch as my lord the king is returned peaceably into his house.
Ver. 30. House. He is all to me. M.
19_31 Καὶ εἶπε Μεμφιβοσθὲ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, καί γε τὰ πάντα λαβέτω, μετὰ τὸ παραγενέσθαι τὸν κύριόν μου τὸν βασιλέα ἐν εἰρήνῃ εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ.
19_31 וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר מְפִיבֹ֨שֶׁת֙ אֶל הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ גַּ֥ם אֶת הַ/כֹּ֖ל יִקָּ֑ח אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר בָּ֞א אֲדֹנִ֥/י הַ/מֶּ֛לֶך בְּ/שָׁל֖וֹם אֶל בֵּיתֽ/וֹ
19:31 Berzellai quoque Galaadites, descendens de Rogelim, traduxit regem Jordanem, paratus etiam ultra fluvium prosequi eum.
Berzellai also the Galaadite coming down from Rogelim, brought the king over the Jordan, being ready also to wait on him beyond the river.
19_32 Καὶ Βερζελλὶ ὁ Γαλααδίτης κατέβη ἐκ Ῥωγελλὶμ, καὶ διέβη μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως τὸν Ἰορδάνην ἐκπέμψαι αὐτὸν τὸν Ἰορδάνην.
19_32 וּ/בַרְזִלַּי֙ הַ/גִּלְעָדִ֔י יָרַ֖ד מֵ/רֹגְלִ֑ים וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֤ר אֶת הַ/מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַ/יַּרְדֵּ֔ן לְ/שַׁלְּח֖/וֹ אֶת ב/ירדן הַ/יַּרְדֵּֽן
19:32 Erat autem Berzellai Galaadites senex valde, id est, octogenarius, et ipse praebuit alimenta regi cum moraretur in castris : fuit quippe vir dives nimis.
* Footnotes
*H Now Berzellai the Galaadite was of a great age, that is to say, fourscore years old, and he provided the king with sustenance when he abode in the camp: for he was a man exceeding rich.
Ver. 32. Camp; Mahanaim. C. xvii. 28.
19_33 Καὶ Βερζελλὶ ἀνὴρ πρεσβύτερος σφόδρα, υἱὸς ὀγδοήκοντα ἐτῶν, καὶ αὐτὸς διέθρεψε τὸν βασιλέα ἐν τῷ οἰκεῖν αὐτὸν ἐν Μαναῒμ, ὅτι ἀνὴρ μέγας ἦν σφόδρα.
19_33 וּ/בַרְזִלַּי֙ זָקֵ֣ן מְאֹ֔ד בֶּן שְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וְ/הֽוּא כִלְכַּ֤ל אֶת הַ/מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ בְּ/שִׁיבָת֣/וֹ בְ/מַחֲנַ֔יִם כִּֽי אִ֛ישׁ גָּד֥וֹל ה֖וּא מְאֹֽד
19:33 Dixit itaque rex ad Berzellai : Veni mecum, ut requiescas securus mecum in Jerusalem.
*H And the king said to Berzellai: Come with me that thou mayest rest secure with me in Jerusalem.
Ver. 33. Secure. Sept. "I will continually nourish thy old age." H.
19_34 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς Βερζελλὶ, σὺ διαβήσῃ μετʼ ἐμοῦ, καὶ διαθρέψω τὸ γῆράς σου μετʼ ἐμοῦ ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ.
19_34 וַ/יֹּ֥אמֶר הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל בַּרְזִלָּ֑י אַתָּה֙ עֲבֹ֣ר אִתִּ֔/י וְ/כִלְכַּלְתִּ֥י אֹתְ/ךָ֛ עִמָּדִ֖/י בִּ/ירוּשָׁלִָֽם
19:34 Et ait Berzellai ad regem : Quot sunt dies annorum vitae meae, ut ascendam cum rege in Jerusalem ?
And Berzellai said to the king: How many are the days of the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem?
19_35 Καὶ εἶπε Βερζελλὶ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, πόσαι ἡμέραι ἐτῶν ζωῆς μου, ὅτι ἀναβήσομαι μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ;
19_35 וַ/יֹּ֥אמֶר בַּרְזִלַּ֖י אֶל הַ/מֶּ֑לֶךְ כַּ/מָּ֗ה יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י חַיַּ֔/י כִּי אֶעֱלֶ֥ה אֶת הַ/מֶּ֖לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם
19:35 Octogenarius sum hodie : numquid vigent sensus mei ad discernendum suave aut amarum ? aut delectare potest servum tuum cibus et potus ? vel audire possum ultra vocem cantorum atque cantatricum ? quare servus tuus sit oneri domino meo regi ?
*H I am this day fourscore years old, are my senses quick to discern sweet and bitter? or can meat or drink delight thy servant? or can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? why should thy servant be a burden to my lord, the king?
Ver. 35. Burden, as I am unfit for any service. M.
19_36 Υἱὸς ὀγδοήκοντα ἐτῶν ἐγώ εἰμι σήμερον· εἰ μὴν γνώσομαι ἀναμέσον ἀγαθοῦ καὶ κακοῦ; εἰ γεύσεται ὁ δοῦλός σου ἔτι ὃ φάγομαι ἢ πίομαι; ἢ ἀκούσομαι ἔτι φωνὴν ᾀδόντων καὶ ᾀδουσῶν; καὶ ἱνατί ἔσται ἔτι ὁ δοῦλός σου εἰς φορτίον ἐπὶ τὸν κύριόν μου τὸν βασιλέα;
19_36 בֶּן שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָה֩ אָנֹכִ֨י הַ/יּ֜וֹם הַ/אֵדַ֣ע בֵּין ט֣וֹב לְ/רָ֗ע אִם יִטְעַ֤ם עַבְדְּ/ךָ֙ אֶת אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֹכַל֙ וְ/אֶת אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁתֶּ֔ה אִם אֶשְׁמַ֣ע ע֔וֹד בְּ/ק֖וֹל שָׁרִ֣ים וְ/שָׁר֑וֹת וְ/לָ/מָּה֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה עַבְדְּ/ךָ֥ עוֹד֙ לְ/מַשָּׂ֔א אֶל אֲדֹנִ֖/י הַ/מֶּֽלֶךְ
19:36 Paululum procedam famulus tuus ab Jordane tecum : non indigeo hac vicissitudine,
*H I thy servant will go on a little way from the Jordan with thee: I need not this recompense.
Ver. 36. With thee. He did not proceed as far as Galgal; (H.) but took his leave of the king, intimating, what we never witness at the present day, that he was too old to enjoy the pleasures of a court! C.
19_37 Ὡς βραχὺ διαβήσεται ὁ δοῦλός σου τὸν Ἰορδάνην μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως· καὶ ἱνατί ἀνταποδίδωσί μοι ὁ βασιλεὺς τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν ταύτην;
19_37 כִּ/מְעַ֞ט יַעֲבֹ֧ר עַבְדְּ/ךָ֛ אֶת הַ/יַּרְדֵּ֖ן אֶת הַ/מֶּ֑לֶךְ וְ/לָ֨/מָּה֙ יִגְמְלֵ֣/נִי הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ הַ/גְּמוּלָ֖ה הַ/זֹּֽאת
19:37 sed obsecro ut revertar servus tuus, et moriar in civitate mea, et sepeliar juxta sepulchrum patris mei et matris meae. Est autem servus tuus Chamaam : ipse vadat tecum, domine mi rex, et fac ei quidquid tibi bonum videtur.
*H But I beseech thee let thy servant return, and die in my own city, and be buried by the sepulchre of my father, and of my mother. But there is thy servant Chamaam, let him go with thee, my lord, the king, and do to him whatsoever seemeth good to thee.
Ver. 37. Chamaam, is supposed to have been the son of the good old man. C.
19_38 Καθισάτω δὴ ὁ δοῦλός σου, καὶ ἀποθανοῦμαι ἐν τῇ πόλει μου παρὰ τῷ τάφῳ τοῦ πατρός μου καὶ τῆς μητρός μου· καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁ δοῦλός σου Χαμαὰμ διαβήσεται μετὰ τοῦ κυρίου μου τοῦ βασιλέως· καὶ ποίησον αὐτῷ τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου.
19_38 יָֽשָׁב נָ֤א עַבְדְּ/ךָ֙ וְ/אָמֻ֣ת בְּ/עִירִ֔/י עִ֛ם קֶ֥בֶר אָבִ֖/י וְ/אִמִּ֑/י וְ/הִנֵּ֣ה עַבְדְּ/ךָ֣ כִמְהָ֗ם יַֽעֲבֹר֙ עִם אֲדֹנִ֣/י הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ וַ/עֲשֵׂה ל֕/וֹ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר ט֖וֹב בְּ/עֵינֶֽי/ךָ
19:38 Dixit itaque ei rex : Mecum transeat Chamaam, et ego faciam ei quidquid tibi placuerit : et omne quod petieris a me, impetrabis.
Then the king said to him: Let Chamaam go over with me, and I will do for him whatsoever shall please thee, and all that thou shalt ask of me, thou shalt obtain.
19_39 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς, μετʼ ἐμοῦ διαβήτω Χαμαὰμ, κᾀγὼ ποιήσω αὐτῷ τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς μου, καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἂν ἐκλέξῃ ἐπʼ ἐμοὶ, ποιήσω σοι.
19_39 וַ/יֹּ֣אמֶר הַ/מֶּ֗לֶךְ אִתִּ/י֙ יַעֲבֹ֣ר כִּמְהָ֔ם וַ/אֲנִי֙ אֶעֱשֶׂה לּ֔/וֹ אֶת הַ/טּ֖וֹב בְּ/עֵינֶ֑י/ךָ וְ/כֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר תִּבְחַ֥ר עָלַ֖/י אֶֽעֱשֶׂה לָּֽ/ךְ
19:39 Cumque transisset universus populus et rex Jordanem, osculatus est rex Berzellai, et benedixit ei : et ille reversus est in locum suum.
And when all the people and the king had passed over the Jordan, the king kissed Berzellai, and blessed him: and he returned to his own place.
19_40 Καὶ διέβη πᾶς ὁ λαὸς τὸν Ἰορδάνην, καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς διέβη, καὶ κατεφίλησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν Βερζελλὶ, καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ.
19_40 וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֧ר כָּל הָ/עָ֛ם אֶת הַ/יַּרְדֵּ֖ן וְ/הַ/מֶּ֣לֶךְ עָבָ֑ר וַ/יִּשַּׁ֨ק הַ/מֶּ֤לֶךְ לְ/בַרְזִלַּי֙ וַ/יְבָ֣רֲכֵ֔/הוּ וַ/יָּ֖שָׁב לִ/מְקֹמֽ/וֹ
19:40 Transivit ergo rex in Galgalam, et Chamaam cum eo. Omnis autem populus Juda traduxerat regem, et media tantum pars adfuerat de populo Israel.
*H So the king went on to Galgal, and Chamaam with him. Now all the people of Juda had brought the king over, and only half of the people of Israel were there.
Ver. 40. There; coming up, for the most part, after the king had crossed the river. They had intended to have escorted him from Mahanaim. H.
19_41 Καὶ διέβη ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς Γάλγαλα, καὶ Χαμαὰμ διέβη μετʼ αὐτοῦ· καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς Ἰούδα διαβαίνοντες μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως, καί γε τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ λαοῦ Ἰσραήλ.
19_41 וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֤ר הַ/מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַ/גִּלְגָּ֔לָ/ה וְ/כִמְהָ֖ן עָבַ֣ר עִמּ֑/וֹ וְ/כָל עַ֤ם יְהוּדָה֙ ו/יעברו הֶעֱבִ֣ירוּ אֶת הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ וְ/גַ֕ם חֲצִ֖י עַ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵֽל
19:41 Itaque omnes viri Israel concurrentes ad regem dixerunt ei : Quare te furati sunt fratres nostri viri Juda, et traduxerunt regem et domum ejus Jordanem, omnesque viros David cum eo ?
*H Therefore all the men of Israel running together to the king, said to him: Why have our brethren the men of Juda stolen thee away, and have brought the king and his household over the Jordan, and all the men of David with him?
Ver. 41. Stolen; as if the king were not the common father of all. Salien.
19_42 Καὶ ἰδοὺ πᾶς ἀνὴρ Ἰσραὴλ παρεγένοντο πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, καὶ εἶπε πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, τί ὅτι ἔκλεψάν σε οἱ ἀδελφοὶ ἡμῶν ἀνὴρ Ἰούδα, καὶ διεβίβασαν τὸν βασιλέα καὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ τὸν Ἰορδάνην, καὶ πάντες ἄνδρες Δαυὶδ μετʼ αὐτοῦ;
19_42 וְ/הִנֵּ֛ה כָּל אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּאִ֣ים אֶל הַ/מֶּ֑לֶךְ וַ/יֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל הַ/מֶּ֡לֶךְ מַדּוּעַ֩ גְּנָב֨וּ/ךָ אַחֵ֜י/נוּ אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֗ה וַ/יַּעֲבִ֨רוּ אֶת הַ/מֶּ֤לֶךְ וְ/אֶת בֵּית/וֹ֙ אֶת הַ/יַּרְדֵּ֔ן וְ/כָל אַנְשֵׁ֥י דָוִ֖ד עִמּֽ/וֹ
19:42 Et respondit omnis vir Juda ad viros Israel : Quia mihi propior est rex : cur irasceris super hac re ? numquid comedimus aliquid ex rege, aut munera nobis data sunt ?
*H And all the men of Juda answered the men of Israel: Because the king is nearer to me: why art thou angry for this matter? have we eaten any thing of the king's, or have any gifts been given us?
Ver. 42. Nearer related. H. — Us. What advantage have we gained? or, what have you lost? C.
19_43 Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη πᾶς ἀνὴρ Ἰούδα πρὸς ἄνδρα Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ εἶπαν, διότι ἐγγίζει πρὸς μὲ ὁ βασιλεύς· καὶ ἱνατί οὕτως ἐθυμώθης περὶ τοῦ λόγου τούτου; μὴ βρώσει ἐφάγαμεν ἐκ τοῦ βασιλέως, ἢ δόμα ἔδωκεν, ἢ ἄρσιν ᾖρεν ἡμῖν;
19_43 וַ/יַּעַן֩ כָּל אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדָ֜ה עַל אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי קָר֤וֹב הַ/מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ אֵלַ֔/י וְ/לָ֤/מָּה זֶּה֙ חָרָ֣ה לְ/ךָ֔ עַל הַ/דָּבָ֖ר הַ/זֶּ֑ה הֶ/אָכ֤וֹל אָכַ֨לְנוּ֙ מִן הַ/מֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם נִשֵּׂ֥את נִשָּׂ֖א לָֽ/נוּ
19:43 Et respondit vir Israel ad viros Juda, et ait : Decem partibus major ego sum apud regem, magisque ad me pertinet David quam ad te : cur fecisti mihi injuriam, et non mihi nuntiatum est priori, ut reducerem regem meum ? Durius autem responderunt viri Juda viris Israel.
*H And the men of Israel answered the men of Juda, and said: I have ten parts in the king more than thou, and David belongeth to me more than to thee: why hast thou done me a wrong, and why was it not told me first, that I might bring back my king? And the men of Juda answered more harshly than the men of Israel.
Ver. 43. Ten parts. They might have said they were twelve tribes for one; and though the tribe of Juda was more numerous than many others, it was not equal to them all. C. — But the disproportion was by no means so great as ten to one; so that the Israelites unjustly pretended, that they had so much greater pretensions to the honour of bringing the king to his capital, in a sort of triumph. David might perhaps have waited a little longer, (H.) and shewed less predilection for his own tribe. C. Salien. — But what obligation was there for either? He had been long enough from Jerusalem, and eager to return, as soon as Amasa brought to him the tribe of Juda, and several of Benjamin, v. 16. What hindered the rest from coming in time? They seem to have pretended more loyalty than they really possessed; otherwise they would not have joined in every rebellion. H. — First. Heb. may be, "did not I first propose the bringing back the king?" v. 11. C. — Israel. Tostat says, it is probable Juda asserted that the king did not, at all, belong to Israel; and hence Seba repeated the words with indignation. C. xx. 1. It is wonderful that David did not repress this altercation. Abulensis supposes that he leaned too much towards his own tribe; for which, if true, we behold he was soon chastised; as God is always ready to reward or punish his servants. Salien. — But all that David said is not recorded. He could hardly have continued silent. All his endeavours to appease the sedition were, however, rendered abortive, by the evil dispositions of his subjects. H.
19_44 Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη ἀνὴρ Ἰσραὴλ τῷ ἀνδρὶ Ἰούδα, καὶ εἶπε, δέκα χεῖρές μοι ἐν τῷ βασιλεῖ, καὶ πρωτότοκος ἐγὼ ἢ σὺ, καί γε ἐν τῷ Δαυίδ εἰμι ὑπὲρ σέ· καὶ ἱνατί τοῦτο ὕβρισάς με, καὶ οὐκ ἐλογίσθη ὁ λόγος μου πρῶτός μοι τοῦ Ἰούδα ἐπιστρέψαι τὸν βασιλέα ἐμοί; καὶ ἐσκληρύνθη ὁ λόγος ἀνδρὸς Ἰούδα ὑπὲρ τὸν λόγον ἀνδρὸς Ἰσραήλ.
19_44 וַ/יַּ֣עַן אִֽישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ אֶת אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדָ֜ה וַ/יֹּ֗אמֶר עֶֽשֶׂר יָד֨וֹת לִ֣/י בַ/מֶּלֶךְ֮ וְ/גַם בְּ/דָוִד֮ אֲנִ֣י מִמְּ/ךָ֒ וּ/מַדּ֨וּעַ֙ הֱקִלֹּתַ֔/נִי וְ/לֹא הָיָ֨ה דְבָרִ֥/י רִאשׁ֛וֹן לִ֖/י לְ/הָשִׁ֣יב אֶת מַלְכִּ֑/י וַ/יִּ֨קֶשׁ֙ דְּבַר אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה מִ/דְּבַ֖ר אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל