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13:1 Onus Babylonis, quod vidit Isaias, filius Amos.
*H The burden of Babylon which Isaias the son of Amos saw.
Ver. 1. Burden. That is, a prophecy against Babylon. Ch. — Nimrod began the kingdom. Gen. x. Belus and Ninus brought it to great eminence. But after 1240 years, Babylon was taken by Cyrus. W. — Isaias delivered the seven following chapters in the first year of Ezechias. C. xiv. 28.
ὍΡΑΣΙΣ ἫΝ ΕΙΔΕΝ ἩΣΑΙΑΣ ΥΙΟΣ ἈΜΩΣ ΚΑΤΑ ΒΑΒΥΛΩΝΟΣ.
מַשָּׂ֖א בָּבֶ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן אָמֽוֹץ
13:2 [Super montem caliginosum levate signum : exaltate vocem, levate manum, et ingrediantur portas duces.
*H Upon the dark mountain lift ye up a banner, exalt the voice, lift up the hand, and let the rulers go into the gates.
Ver. 2. Mountain of Media, whence Darius came. It was usual to erect a signal, (c. xxx. 17. Jer. vi. 1.) to call troops together. C.
Ἐπʼ ὄρους πεδινοῦ ἄρατε σημεῖον, ὑψώσατε τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῖς, παρακαλεῖτε τῇ χειρί, ἀνοίξατε οἱ ἄρχοντες.
עַ֤ל הַר נִשְׁפֶּה֙ שְֽׂאוּ נֵ֔ס הָרִ֥ימוּ ק֖וֹל לָ/הֶ֑ם הָנִ֣יפוּ יָ֔ד וְ/יָבֹ֖אוּ פִּתְחֵ֥י נְדִיבִֽים
13:3 Ego mandavi sanctificatis meis, et vocavi fortes meos in ira mea, exsultantes in gloria mea.
*H I have commanded my sanctified ones, and have called my strong ones in my wrath, them that rejoice in my glory.
Ver. 3. Sanctioned. The Medes and Persians were appointed by God to punish Babylon. W.
Ἐγὼ συντάσσω, καὶ ἐγώ αὐτούς· γίγαντες ἔρχονται πληρῶσαι τὸν θυμόν μου χαίροντες ἅμα καὶ ὑβρίζοντες.
אֲנִ֥י צִוֵּ֖יתִי לִ/מְקֻדָּשָׁ֑/י גַּ֣ם קָרָ֤אתִי גִבּוֹרַ/י֙ לְ/אַפִּ֔/י עַלִּיזֵ֖י גַּאֲוָתִֽ/י
13:4 Vox multitudinis in montibus, quasi populorum frequentium ; vox sonitus regum, gentium congregatarum. Dominus exercituum praecepit militiae belli,
*H The noise of a multitude in the mountains, as it were of many people, the noise of the sound of kings, of nations gathered together: the Lord of hosts hath given charge to the troops of war.
Ver. 4. Kings. Darius styles himself king of the Medes and Persians. Dan. vi. 12. Many princes and nations composed his army.
Φωνὴ ἐθνῶν πολλῶν ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρέων, ὁμοία ἐθνῶν πολλῶν, φωνὴ βασιλέων καὶ ἐθνῶν συνηγμένων· Κύριος σαβαὼθ ἐντέταλται ἔθνει ὁπλομάχῳ,
ק֥וֹל הָמ֛וֹן בֶּֽ/הָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם רָ֑ב ק֠וֹל שְׁא֞וֹן מַמְלְכ֤וֹת גּוֹיִם֙ נֶֽאֱסָפִ֔ים יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת מְפַקֵּ֖ד צְבָ֥א מִלְחָמָֽה
13:5 venientibus de terra procul, a summitate caeli ; Dominus, et vasa furoris ejus, ut disperdat omnem terram.
*H To them that come from a country afar off, from the end of heaven: the Lord and the instruments of his wrath, to destroy the whole land.
Ver. 5. Heaven. Where it seems to touch the horizon. Thus the countries beyond the Euphrates are often designated.
ἔρχεσθαι ἐκ γῆς πόῤῥωθεν ἀπʼ ἄκρου θεμελίου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Κύριος καὶ οἱ ὁπλομάχοι αὐτοῦ, καταφθεῖραι πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην.
בָּאִ֛ים מֵ/אֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק מִ/קְצֵ֣ה הַ/שָּׁמָ֑יִם יְהוָה֙ וּ/כְלֵ֣י זַעְמ֔/וֹ לְ/חַבֵּ֖ל כָּל הָ/אָֽרֶץ
13:6 Ululate, quia prope est dies Domini ; quasi vastitas a Domino veniet.
*H Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is near: it shall come as a destruction from the Lord.
Ver. 6. Near. Though one hundred and seventy-two years distant.
Ὀλολύζετε, ἐγγὺς γὰρ ἡμέρα Κυρίου, καὶ συντριβὴ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἥξει.
הֵילִ֕ילוּ כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב י֣וֹם יְהוָ֑ה כְּ/שֹׁ֖ד מִ/שַּׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא
13:7 Propter hoc omnes manus dissolventur, et omne cor hominis contabescet,
Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every heart of man shall melt,
Διάτοῦτο πᾶσα χεὶρ ἐκλυθήσεται, καὶ πᾶσα ψυχὴ ἀνθρώπου δειλιάσει.
עַל כֵּ֖ן כָּל יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְ/כָל לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס
13:8 et conteretur. Torsiones et dolores tenebunt ; quasi parturiens dolebunt : unusquisque ad proximum suum stupebit, facies combustae vultus eorum.
*H And shall be broken. Gripings and pains, shall take hold of them, they shall be in pain as a woman in labour. Every one shall be amazed at his neighbour, their countenances shall be as faces burnt.
Ver. 8. Burnt. Black with despair. Nah. ii. 10. and Joel ii. 6.
Ταραχθήσονται οἱ πρέσβεις, καὶ ὠδῖνες αὐτοὺς ἕξουσιν, ὡς γυναικὸς τικτούσης· καὶ συμφοράσουσιν ἕτερος πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον, καὶ ἐκστήσονται, καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν ὡς φλὸξ μεταβαλοῦσιν.
וְֽ/נִבְהָ֓לוּ צִירִ֤ים וַֽ/חֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּ/ן כַּ/יּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּ/ן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל רֵעֵ֨/הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵי/הֶֽם
13:9 Ecce dies Domini veniet, crudelis, et indignationis plenus, et irae, furorisque, ad ponendam terram in solitudinem, et peccatores ejus conterendos de ea.
*H Behold, the day of the Lord shall come, a cruel day, and full of indignation, and of wrath, and fury, to lay the land desolate, and to destroy the sinners thereof out of it.
Ver. 9. Desolate. This was effected in the course of many centuries. C. — The building of Seleucia caused Babylon to be deserted. Pliny vi. 27. — Hence we know not at present where it was situated.
Ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἡμέρα Κυρίου ἔρχεται ἀνίατος, θυμοῦ καὶ ὀργῆς, θεῖναι τὴν οἰκουμένην ἔρημον, καὶ τοὺς ἁμαρτωλοὺς ἀπολέσαι ἐξ αὐτῆς.
הִנֵּ֤ה יוֹם יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔א אַכְזָרִ֥י וְ/עֶבְרָ֖ה וַ/חֲר֣וֹן אָ֑ף לָ/שׂ֤וּם הָ/אָ֨רֶץ֙ לְ/שַׁמָּ֔ה וְ/חַטָּאֶ֖י/הָ יַשְׁמִ֥יד מִמֶּֽ/נָּה
13:10 Quoniam stellae caeli, et splendor earum, non expandent lumen suum ; obtenebratus est sol in ortu suo, et luna non splendebit in lumine suo.
* Footnotes
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*
Ezechiel
32:7
And I will cover the heavens, when thou shalt be put out, and I will make the stars thereof dark: I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not give her light.
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Joel
2:10
At their presence the earth hath trembled, the heavens are moved: the sun and moon are darkened, and the stars have withdrawn their shining.
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Joel
3:15
The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars have withdrawn their shining.
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Matthew
24:29
And immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun shall be darkened and the moon shall not give her light and the stars shall fall from heaven and the powers of heaven shall be moved.
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Mark
13:24
But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun shall be darkened and the moon shall not give her light.
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Luke
21:25
And there shall be signs in the sun and in the moon and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, by reason of the confusion of the roaring of the sea, and of the waves:
*H For the stars of heaven, and their brightness shall not display their light: the sun shall be darkened in his rising, and the moon shall not shine with her light.
Ver. 10. Stars. This is not to be taken literally, but only implies that the people shall be in as much consternation (C.) as if the world were at an end. v. 13. H. Grot. Mat. xxiv. 27. Apoc. vi. 12. Jer. iv. 23.
Οἱ γὰρ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ὁ Ὠρίων καὶ πᾶς ὁ κόσμος τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, τὸ φῶς οὐ δώσουσι· καὶ σκοτισθήσεται τοῦ ἡλίου ἀνατέλλοντος, καὶ ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φῶς αὐτῆς.
כִּֽי כוֹכְבֵ֤י הַ/שָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ וּ/כְסִ֣ילֵי/הֶ֔ם לֹ֥א יָהֵ֖לּוּ אוֹרָ֑/ם חָשַׁ֤ךְ הַ/שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ בְּ/צֵאת֔/וֹ וְ/יָרֵ֖חַ לֹֽא יַגִּ֥יהַ אוֹרֽ/וֹ
13:11 Et visitabo super orbis mala, et contra impios iniquitatem eorum ; et quiescere faciam superbiam infidelium, et arrogantiam fortium humiliabo.
*H And I will visit the evils of the world, and against the wicked for their iniquity: and I will make the pride of infidels to cease, and will bring down the arrogancy of the mighty.
Ver. 11. World. The vices of all nations were concentrated at Babylon. C.
Καὶ ἐντελοῦμαι τῇ οἰκουμένῃ ὅλῃ κακὰ, καὶ τοῖς ἀσεβέσι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν· καὶ ἀπολῶ ὕβριν ἀνόμων, καὶ ὕβριν ὑπερηφάνων ταπεινώσω.
וּ/פָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְ/עַל רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑/ם וְ/הִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן זֵדִ֔ים וְ/גַאֲוַ֥ת עָרִיצִ֖ים אַשְׁפִּֽיל
13:12 Pretiosior erit vir auro, et homo mundo obrizo.
*H A man shall be more precious than gold, yea a man than the finest of gold.
Ver. 12. Precious. Rare, (W.) or sought after for destruction. v. 17.
Καὶ ἔσονται οἱ καταλελειμμένοι ἔντιμοι μᾶλλον ἢ τὸ χρυσίον τὸ ἄπυρον· καὶ ἄνθρωπος μᾶλλον ἔντιμος ἔσται ἢ ὁ λίθος ὁ ἐν Σουφείρ.
אוֹקִ֥יר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִ/פָּ֑ז וְ/אָדָ֖ם מִ/כֶּ֥תֶם אוֹפִֽיר
13:13 Super hoc caelum turbabo ; et movebitur terra de loco suo, propter indignationem Domini exercituum, et propter diem irae furoris ejus.
*H For this I will trouble the heaven: and the earth shall be moved out of her place, for the indignation of the Lord of hosts, and for the day of his fierce wrath.
Ver. 13. Heaven. With thunders.
Ὁ γὰρ οὐρανὸς θυμωθήσεται, καὶ ἡ γῆ σεισθήσεται ἐκ τῶν θεμελίων αὐτῆς, διὰ θυμὸν ὀργῆς Κυρίου σαβαὼθ, ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ἂν ἐπέλθῃ ὁ θυμὸς αὐτοῦ.
עַל כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְ/תִרְעַ֥שׁ הָ/אָ֖רֶץ מִ/מְּקוֹמָ֑/הּ בְּ/עֶבְרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּ/בְ/י֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽ/וֹ
13:14 Et erit quasi damula fugiens, et quasi ovis, et non erit qui congreget. Unusquisque ad populum suum convertetur, et singuli ad terram suam fugient.
*H And they shall be as a doe fleeing away, and as a sheep: and there shall be none to gather them together: every man shall turn to his own people, and every one shall flee to his own land.
Ver. 14. Land. Baltassar shall be abandoned by his allies. Crœsus had been already defeated, before Cyrus invested Babylon.
Καὶ ἔσονται οἱ καταλελειμμένοι ὡς δορκάδιον φεῦγον, καὶ ὡς πρόβατον πλανώμενον, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ συνάγων, ὥστε ἄνθρωπον εἰς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἀποστραφῆναι, καὶ ἄνθρωπος εἰς τὴν χώραν ἑαυτοῦ διώξεται.
וְ/הָיָה֙ כִּ/צְבִ֣י מֻדָּ֔ח וּ/כְ/צֹ֖אן וְ/אֵ֣ין מְקַבֵּ֑ץ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל עַמּ/וֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְ/אִ֥ישׁ אֶל אַרְצ֖/וֹ יָנֽוּסוּ
13:15 Omnis qui inventus fuerit occidetur, et omnis qui supervenerit cadet in gladio ;
Every one that shall be found, shall be slain: and every one that shall come to their aid, shall fall by the sword.
Ὃς γὰρ ἂν ἁλῷ, ἡττηθήσεται, καὶ οἵτινες συνηγμένοι εἰσὶ, πεσοῦνται μαχαίρᾳ.
כָּל הַ/נִּמְצָ֖א יִדָּקֵ֑ר וְ/כָל הַ/נִּסְפֶּ֖ה יִפּ֥וֹל בֶּ/חָֽרֶב
13:16 infantes eorum allidentur in oculis eorum, diripientur domus eorum, et uxores eorum violabuntur.
* Footnotes
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Psalms
136:9
Blessed be he that shall take and dash thy little ones against the rock.
Their inhabitants shall be dashed in pieces before their eyes: their houses shall be pillaged, and their wives shall be ravished.
Καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν ῥάξουσιν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰς οἰκίας αὐτῶν προνομεύσουσιν, καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτῶν ἕξουσιν.
וְ/עֹלְלֵי/הֶ֥ם יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ לְ/עֵֽינֵי/הֶ֑ם יִשַּׁ֨סּוּ֙ בָּֽתֵּי/הֶ֔ם וּ/נְשֵׁי/הֶ֖ם תשגלנה תִּשָּׁכַֽבְנָה
13:17 Ecce ego suscitabo super eos Medos, qui argentum non quaerant, nec aurum velint ;
*H Behold I will stir up the Medes against them, who shall not seek silver, nor desire gold:
Ver. 17. Medes. Who had set themselves at liberty about twenty years before this. They were not solicitous about gold. Ezec. vii. 19. Soph. i. 18.
Ἰδοὺ ἐπεγείρω ὑμῖν τοὺς Μήδους, οἳ ἀργύριον οὐ λογίζονται, οὐδὲ χρυσίου χρείαν ἔχουσι.
הִנְ/נִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵי/הֶ֖ם אֶת מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר כֶּ֨סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְ/זָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ בֽ/וֹ
13:18 sed sagittis parvulos interficient, et lactantibus uteris non miserebuntur, et super filios non parcet oculus eorum.
But with their arrows they shall kill the children, and shall have no pity upon the sucklings of the womb, and their eye shall not spare their sons.
Τοξεύματα νεανίσκων συντρίψουσι, καὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ ἐλεήσωσιν, οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς τέκνοις σου φείσονται οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν.
וּ/קְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּ/פְרִי בֶ֨טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל בָּנִ֖ים לֹֽא תָח֥וּס עֵינָֽ/ם
13:19 Et erit Babylon illa gloriosa in regnis, inclyta superbia Chaldaeorum, sicut subvertit Dominus Sodomam et Gomorrham.
* Footnotes
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Genesis
19:24
And the Lord rained upon Sodom and Gomorrha brimstone and fire from the Lord out of heaven.
*H And that Babylon, glorious among kingdoms, the famous pride of the Chaldeans, shall be even as the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrha.
Ver. 19. Gomorrha. Towards the end of the Macedonian empire. C. — The Persians kept wild beasts in it. S. Jer. — The palace of Nabuchodonosor subsisted in the days of Benjamin, (C.) but could not be approached on account of serpents. Tudel. p. 70.
Καὶ ἔσται Βαβυλὼν ἣ καλεῖται ἔνδοξος ἀπὸ βασιλέως Χαλδαίων, ὃν τρόπον κατέστρεψεν ὁ Θεὸς Σόδομα καὶ Γόμοῤῥα·
וְ/הָיְתָ֤ה בָבֶל֙ צְבִ֣י מַמְלָכ֔וֹת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּא֣וֹן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כְּ/מַהְפֵּכַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת סְדֹ֖ם וְ/אֶת עֲמֹרָֽה
13:20 Non habitabitur usque in finem, et non fundabitur usque ad generationem et generationem ; nec ponet ibi tentoria Arabs, nec pastores requiescent ibi.
*H It shall no more be inhabited for ever, and it shall not be founded unto generation and generation: neither shall the Arabian pitch his tents there, nor shall shepherds rest there.
Ver. 20. Tents. To dwell, (C.) or to traffic. Theod. — Another city was built, but not so large, nor in the same place. W.
Οὐ κατοικηθήσεται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον, οὐδὲ μὴ εἰσέλθωσιν εἰς αὐτὴν διὰ πολλῶν γενεῶν, οὐδὲ μὴ διέλθωσιν αὐτὴν Ἄραβες, οὐδὲ ποιμένες οὐ μὴ ἀναπαύσονται ἐν αὐτῇ.
לֹֽא תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָ/נֶ֔צַח וְ/לֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד דּ֣וֹר וָ/ד֑וֹר וְ/לֹֽא יַהֵ֥ל שָׁם֙ עֲרָבִ֔י וְ/רֹעִ֖ים לֹא יַרְבִּ֥צוּ שָֽׁם
13:21 Sed requiescent ibi bestiae, et replebuntur domus eorum draconibus, et habitabunt ibi struthiones, et pilosi saltabunt ibi ;
*H But wild beasts shall rest there, and their houses shall be filled with serpents, and ostriches shall dwell there, and the hairy ones shall dance there:
Ver. 21. Beasts. Heb. tsiim, "fishermen." — Serpents. Heb. ochim. Sept. "echo," (H.) or "reeds." Babylon was built on a marshy situation, and Cyrus having let out the waters of the Euphrates, they could never be effectually stopped. — Ostriches. Or swans. — Hairy. Goats. C. xxxiv. 14. C.
Καὶ ἀναπαύσονται ἐκεῖ θηρία, καὶ ἐμπλησθήσονται αἱ οἰκίαι ἤχου· καὶ ἀναπαύσονται ἐκεῖ σειρῆνες, καὶ δαιμόνια ἐκεῖ ὀρχήσονται,
וְ/רָבְצוּ שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּ/מָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּי/הֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְ/שָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֔ה וּ/שְׂעִירִ֖ים יְרַקְּדוּ שָֽׁם
13:22 et respondebunt ibi ululae in aedibus ejus, et sirenes in delubris voluptatis.]
*H And owls shall answer one another there, in the houses thereof, and sirens in the temples of pleasure.
Ver. 22. Owls. Or jackals, which resemble foxes, and going in packs, will devour the largest creatures. Bochart. Parkhurst in aje. H. — But S. Jer. explains it of birds. Job xxviii. 7. Lev. xiv. — Sirens, fabulously supposed to be sweet singing women with wings. — Thannim denotes some great sea monsters, such as whales or sea calves. C.
καὶ ὀνοκένταυροι ἐκεῖ κατοικήσουσι, καὶ νοσσοποιήσουσιν ἐχῖνοι ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις αὐτῶν. Ταχὺ ἔρχεται καὶ οὐ χρονιεῖ.
וְ/עָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּ/אַלְמנוֹתָ֔י/ו וְ/תַנִּ֖ים בְּ/הֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְ/קָר֤וֹב לָ/בוֹא֙ עִתָּ֔/הּ וְ/יָמֶ֖י/הָ לֹ֥א יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּ