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42:1 Audiens autem Jacob quod alimenta venderentur in Aegypto, dixit filiis suis : Quare negligitis ?
* Footnotes
*H And Jacob hearing that food was sold in Egypt, said to his sons: Why are ye careless?
Ver. 1. Careless. Heb. "gazing one at another," like idle people.
Ἰδὼν δὲ Ἰακὼβ ὅτι ἐστὶ πράσις ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, εἶπε τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ, ἱνατί ῥαθυμεῖτε;
וַ/יַּ֣רְא יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֥י יֶשׁ שֶׁ֖בֶר בְּ/מִצְרָ֑יִם וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ לְ/בָנָ֔י/ו לָ֖/מָּה תִּתְרָאֽוּ
42:2 audivi quod triticum venundetur in Aegypto : descendite, et emite nobis necessaria, ut possimus vivere, et non consumamur inopia.
I have heard that wheat is sold in Egypt: Go ye down, and buy us necessaries, that we may live, and not be consumed with want.
Ἰδοὺ ἀκήκοα, ὅτι ἐστὶ σῖτος ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ· κατάβητε ἐκεὶ, καὶ πρίασθε ἡμῖν μικρὰ βρώματα, ἵνα ζήσωμεν καὶ μὴ ἀποθάνωμεν.
וַ/יֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י יֶשׁ שֶׁ֖בֶר בְּ/מִצְרָ֑יִם רְדוּ שָׁ֨מָּ/ה֙ וְ/שִׁבְרוּ לָ֣/נוּ מִ/שָּׁ֔ם וְ/נִחְיֶ֖ה וְ/לֹ֥א נָמֽוּת
42:3 Descendentes igitur fratres Joseph decem, ut emerent frumenta in Aegypto,
So the ten brethren of Joseph went down, to buy corn in Egypt:
Κατέβησαν δὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Ἰωσὴφ οἱ δέκα, πρίασθαι σῖτον ἐξ Αἰγύπτου·
וַ/יֵּרְד֥וּ אֲחֵֽי יוֹסֵ֖ף עֲשָׂרָ֑ה לִ/שְׁבֹּ֥ר בָּ֖ר מִ/מִּצְרָֽיִם
42:4 Benjamin domi retento a Jacob, qui dixerat fratribus ejus : Ne forte in itinere quidquam patiatur mali :
Whilst Benjamin was kept at home by Jacob, who said to his brethren: Lest perhaps he take any harm in the journey.
Τὸν δὲ Βενιαμὶν, τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰωσὴφ, οὐκ ἀπέστειλε μετὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ· εἶπε γὰρ, μή ποτε συμβῇ αὐτῷ μαλακία.
וְ/אֶת בִּנְיָמִין֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף לֹא שָׁלַ֥ח יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת אֶחָ֑י/ו כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר פֶּן יִקְרָאֶ֖/נּוּ אָסֽוֹן
42:5 ingressi sunt terram Aegypti cum aliis qui pergebant ad emendum. Erat autem fames in terra Chanaan.
And they entered into the land of Egypt with others that went to buy. For the famine was in the land of Chanaan.
Ἦλθον δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἀγοράζειν μετὰ τῶν ἐρχομένων· ἦν γὰρ ὁ λιμὸς ἐν γῇ Χαναάν.
וַ/יָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִ/שְׁבֹּ֖ר בְּ/ת֣וֹךְ הַ/בָּאִ֑ים כִּֽי הָיָ֥ה הָ/רָעָ֖ב בְּ/אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן
42:6 Et Joseph erat princeps in terra Aegypti, atque ad ejus nutum frumenta populis vendebantur. Cumque adorassent eum fratres sui,
*H And Joseph was governor in the land of Egypt, and corn was sold by his direction to the people. And when his brethren had bowed down to him,
Ver. 6. To him. Conformably to the prophetic dreams. C. xxxvii. 7. 9. M. — Joseph was like a prince or sultan, shallit, with sovereign authority. C.
Ἰωσὴφ δὲ ἦν ὁ ἄρχων τῆς γῆς· οὗτος ἐπώλει παντὶ τῷ λαῷ τῆς γῆς· ἐλθόντες δὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Ἰωσὴφ προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν.
וְ/יוֹסֵ֗ף ה֚וּא הַ/שַּׁלִּ֣יט עַל הָ/אָ֔רֶץ ה֥וּא הַ/מַּשְׁבִּ֖יר לְ/כָל עַ֣ם הָ/אָ֑רֶץ וַ/יָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ אֲחֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף וַ/יִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ ל֥/וֹ אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָ/ה
42:7 et agnovisset eos, quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur, interrogans eos : Unde venistis ? Qui responderunt : De terra Chanaan, ut emamus victui necessaria.
And he knew them, he spoke as it were to strangers, somewhat roughly, asking them: Whence came you? They answered: From the land of Chanaan, to buy necessaries of life.
Ἰδὼν δὲ Ἰωσὴφ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, ἐπέγνω· καὶ ἠλλοτριοῦτο ἀπʼ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς σκληρά· καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, πόθεν ἥκατε; οἱ δὲ εἶπον, ἐκ γῆς Χαναὰν, ἀγοράσαι βρώματα.
וַ/יַּ֥רְא יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת אֶחָ֖י/ו וַ/יַּכִּרֵ֑/ם וַ/יִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר אֲלֵי/הֶ֜ם וַ/יְדַבֵּ֧ר אִתָּ֣/ם קָשׁ֗וֹת וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵ/הֶם֙ מֵ/אַ֣יִן בָּאתֶ֔ם וַ/יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵ/אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן לִ/שְׁבָּר אֹֽכֶל
42:8 Et tamen fratres ipse cognoscens, non est cognitus ab eis.
*H And though he knew his brethren, he was not known by them.
Ver. 8. By them. Years and change of situation, had made such an alteration in him. God was pleased that Jacob should remain so long ignorant of his son's fate, that, by sorrow, he might do penance, and purify himself from every stain; and that he might not attempt to redeem Joseph, whose slavery was to be the source of so much good to his family. M. — Joseph did not make himself known at first; in order to bring his brethren to a true sense of their duty, that they might obtain pardon for their sin. Thus pastors must sometimes treat their penitents with a degree of severity. S. Greg. hom. 22. Ezec. S. Aug. ser. 82. de Tem. W.
Ἐπέγνω δὲ Ἰωσὴφ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ· αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν αὐτόν·
וַ/יַּכֵּ֥ר יוֹסֵ֖ף אֶת אֶחָ֑י/ו וְ/הֵ֖ם לֹ֥א הִכִּרֻֽ/הוּ
42:9 Recordatusque somniorum, quae aliquando viderat, ait ad eos : Exploratores estis : ut videatis infirmiora terrae venistis.
*H And remembering the dreams, which formerly he had dreamed, he said to them: You are spies. You are come to view the weaker parts of the land.
Ver. 9. You are spies. This he said by way of examining them, to see what they would answer. Ch. — Aquila translates "vagrants" going from place to place, as if to discover the weakest parts. Joseph was a person in authority. It was his duty to guard against invasion. He knew how his brethren had treated Sichem, and how they had behaved to himself; and though he might not suppose, that they had any evil design upon Egypt, yet he had a right to make them give an account of themselves. H. — He wished also to extort from them a true account respecting Jacob and Benjamin. M.
Καὶ ἐμνήσθη Ἰωσὴφ τῶν ἐνυπνίων αὐτοῦ, ὧν εἶδεν αὐτός· καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, κατάσκοποί ἐστε, κατανοῆσαι τὰ ἴχνη τῆς χώρας ἥκατε.
וַ/יִּזְכֹּ֣ר יוֹסֵ֔ף אֵ֚ת הַ/חֲלֹמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָלַ֖ם לָ/הֶ֑ם וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵ/הֶם֙ מְרַגְּלִ֣ים אַתֶּ֔ם לִ/רְא֛וֹת אֶת עֶרְוַ֥ת הָ/אָ֖רֶץ בָּאתֶֽם
42:10 Qui dixerunt : Non est ita, domine, sed servi tui venerunt ut emerent cibos.
But they said: It is not so, my lord; but thy servants are come to buy food.
Οἱ δὲ εἶπαν, οὐχὶ, κύριε· οἱ παῖδές σου ἤλθομεν πρίασθαι βρώματα.
וַ/יֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלָ֖י/ו לֹ֣א אֲדֹנִ֑/י וַ/עֲבָדֶ֥י/ךָ בָּ֖אוּ לִ/שְׁבָּר אֹֽכֶל
42:11 Omnes filii unius viri sumus : pacifici venimus, nec quidquam famuli tui machinantur mali.
We are all the sons of one man: we are come as peaceable men, neither do thy servants go about any evil.
Πάντες ἐσμὲν υἱοὶ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου· εἰρηνικοί ἐσμεν, οὐκ εἰσιν οἱ παῖδές σου κατάσκοποι.
כֻּלָּ֕/נוּ בְּנֵ֥י אִישׁ אֶחָ֖ד נָ֑חְנוּ כֵּנִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ לֹא הָי֥וּ עֲבָדֶ֖י/ךָ מְרַגְּלִֽים
42:12 Quibus ille respondit : Aliter est : immunita terrae hujus considerare venistis.
And he answered them: It is otherwise: you are come to consider the unfenced parts of this land.
Εἶπε δὲ αὐτοῖς, οὐχί· ἀλλὰ τὰ ἴχνη τῆς γῆς ἤλθετε ἰδεῖν.
וַ/יֹּ֖אמֶר אֲלֵ/הֶ֑ם לֹ֕א כִּֽי עֶרְוַ֥ת הָ/אָ֖רֶץ בָּאתֶ֥ם לִ/רְאֽוֹת
42:13 At illi : Duodecim, inquiunt, servi tui, fratres sumus, filii viri unius in terra Chanaan : minimus cum patre nostro est, alius non est super.
But they said: We thy servants are twelve brethren, the sons of one man in the land of Chanaan: the youngest is with our father, the other is not living.
Οἱ δὲ εἶπαν, δώδεκά ἐσμεν οἱ παῖδές σου ἀδελφοὶ ἐν γῇ Χαναάν· καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁ νεώτερος μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν σήμερον· ὁ δὲ ἕτερος οὐχ ὑπάρχει.
וַ/יֹּאמְר֗וּ שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂר֩ עֲבָדֶ֨י/ךָ אַחִ֧ים אֲנַ֛חְנוּ בְּנֵ֥י אִישׁ אֶחָ֖ד בְּ/אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְ/הִנֵּ֨ה הַ/קָּטֹ֤ן אֶת אָבִ֨י/נוּ֙ הַ/יּ֔וֹם וְ/הָ/אֶחָ֖ד אֵינֶֽ/נּוּ
42:14 Hoc est, ait, quod locutus sum : exploratores estis.
He saith, This is it that I said: You are spies.
Εἶπε δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἰωσὴφ, τοῦτό ἐστιν ὃ εἴρηκα ὑμῖν, λέγων, ὅτι κατάσκοποί ἐστε.
וַ/יֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵ/הֶ֖ם יוֹסֵ֑ף ה֗וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבַּ֧רְתִּי אֲלֵ/כֶ֛ם לֵ/אמֹ֖ר מְרַגְּלִ֥ים אַתֶּֽם
42:15 Jam nunc experimentum vestri capiam : per salutem Pharaonis non egrediemini hinc, donec veniat frater vester minimus.
*H I shall now presently try what you are: by the health of Pharao, you shall not depart hence, until your youngest brother come.
Ver. 15. Health. This oath implies, that he is willing that even Pharao, whom he so much revered, should perish, if he did not execute what he said: (H.) or, as Pharao is now in health, so true it is you should not all depart, till your youngest brother come. C.
Ἐν τούτῳ φανεῖσθε· νὴ τὴν ὑγίειαν Φαραὼ, οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθητε ἐντεῦθεν, ἐὰν μὴ ὁ ἀδελφὸς ὑμῶν ὁ νεώτερος ἔλθῃ ὧδε.
בְּ/זֹ֖את תִּבָּחֵ֑נוּ חֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ אִם תֵּצְא֣וּ מִ/זֶּ֔ה כִּ֧י אִם בְּ/ב֛וֹא אֲחִי/כֶ֥ם הַ/קָּטֹ֖ן הֵֽנָּה
42:16 Mittite ex vobis unum, et adducat eum : vos autem eritis in vinculis, donec probentur quae dixistis utrum vera an falsa sint : alioquin per salutem Pharaonis exploratores estis.
*H Send one of you to fetch him: and you shall be in prison, till what you have said be proved, whether it be true or false: or else by the health of Pharao you are spies.
Ver. 16. Or else by the health of Pharao you are spies. That is, if these things you say be proved false, you are to be held for spies for your lying, and shall be treated as such. Joseph dealt in this manner with his brethren, to bring them by the means of affliction to a sense of their former sin, and a sincere repentance for it.
Ἀποστείλατε ἐξ ὑμῶν ἕνα, καὶ λάβετε τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὑμῶν· ὑμεῖς δὲ ἀπάχθητε ἕως τοῦ φανερὰ γενέσθαι τὰ ῥήματα ὑμῶν, εἰ ἀληθεύετε ἢ οὔ· εἰ δὲ μὴ, νὴ τὴν ὑγίειαν Φαραὼ, ἦ μὴν κατάσκοποί ἐστε.
שִׁלְח֨וּ מִ/כֶּ֣ם אֶחָד֮ וְ/יִקַּ֣ח אֶת אֲחִי/כֶם֒ וְ/אַתֶּם֙ הֵאָ֣סְר֔וּ וְ/יִבָּֽחֲנוּ֙ דִּבְרֵי/כֶ֔ם הַֽ/אֱמֶ֖ת אִתְּ/כֶ֑ם וְ/אִם לֹ֕א חֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֥י מְרַגְּלִ֖ים אַתֶּֽם
* Summa
*S Part 3,
Ques 89,
Article 6
[II-II, Q. 89, Art. 6]
Whether It Is Lawful to Swear by Creatures?
Objection 1: It would seem that it is not lawful to swear by creatures. It is written (Matt. 5:34-36): "I say to you not to swear at all, neither by heaven . . . nor by the earth . . . nor by Jerusalem . . . nor by thy head": and Jerome, expounding these words, says: "Observe that the Saviour does not forbid swearing by God, but by heaven and earth," etc.
Obj. 2: Further, punishment is not due save for a fault. Now a punishment is appointed for one who swears by creatures: for it is written (22, qu. i, can. Clericum): "If a cleric swears by creatures he must be very severely rebuked: and if he shall persist in this vicious habit we wish that he be excommunicated." Therefore it is unlawful to swear by creatures.
Obj. 3: Further, an oath is an act of religion, as stated above (A. 4). But religious worship is not due to any creature, according to Rom. 1:23, 25. Therefore it is not lawful to swear by a creature.
_On the contrary,_ Joseph swore "by the health of Pharaoh" (Gen. 42:16). Moreover it is customary to swear by the Gospel, by relics, and by the saints.
_I answer that,_ As stated above (A. 1, ad 3), there are two kinds of oath. One is uttered as a simple contestation or calling God as witness: and this kind of oath, like faith, is based on God's truth. Now faith is essentially and chiefly about God Who is the very truth, and secondarily about creatures in which God's truth is reflected, as stated above (Q. 1, A. 1). In like manner an oath is chiefly referred to God Whose testimony is invoked; and secondarily an appeal by oath is made to certain creatures considered, not in themselves, but as reflecting the Divine truth. Thus we swear by the Gospel, i.e. by God Whose truth is made known in the Gospel; and by the saints who believed this truth and kept it.
The other way of swearing is by cursing and in this kind of oath a creature is adduced that the judgment of God may be wrought therein. Thus a man is wont to swear by his head, or by his son, or by some other thing that he loves, even as the Apostle swore (2 Cor. 1:23), saying: "I call God to witness upon my soul."
As to Joseph's oath by the health of Pharaoh this may be understood in both ways: either by way of a curse, as though he pledged Pharao's health to God; or by way of contestation, as though he appealed to the truth of God's justice which the princes of the earth are appointed to execute.
Reply Obj. 1: Our Lord forbade us to swear by creatures so as to give them the reverence due to God. Hence Jerome adds that "the Jews, through swearing by the angels and the like, worshipped creatures with a Divine honor."
In the same sense a cleric is punished, according to the canons (22, qu. i, can. Clericum, Obj. 2), for swearing by a creature, for this savors of the blasphemy of unbelief. Hence in the next chapter, it is said: "If any one swears by God's hair or head, or otherwise utter blasphemy against God, and he be in ecclesiastical orders, let him be degraded."
This suffices for the Reply to the Second Objection.
Reply Obj. 3: Religious worship is shown to one whose testimony is invoked by oath: hence the prohibition (Ex. 23:13): "By the name of strange gods you shall not swear." But religious worship is not given to creatures employed in an oath in the ways mentioned above. _______________________
SEVENTH
42:17 Tradidit ergo illos custodiae tribus diebus.
So he put them in prison three days.
Καὶ ἔθετο αὐτοὺς ἐν φυλακῇ ἡμέρας τρεῖς.
וַ/יֶּאֱסֹ֥ף אֹתָ֛/ם אֶל מִשְׁמָ֖ר שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים
42:18 Die autem tertio eductis de carcere, ait : Facite quae dixi, et vivetis : Deum enim timeo.
*H And the third day he brought them out of prison, and said: Do as I have said, and you shall live: for I fear God.
Ver. 18. God. I shall do nothing contrary to justice or good faith, as I know I have a superior in heaven, to whom I must give an account. M.
Εἶπε δὲ αὐτοῖς τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ, τοῦτο ποιήσατε, καὶ ζήσεσθε· τὸν Θεὸν γὰρ ἐγὼ φοβοῦμαι.
וַ/יֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵ/הֶ֤ם יוֹסֵף֙ בַּ/יּ֣וֹם הַ/שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י זֹ֥את עֲשׂ֖וּ וִֽ/חְי֑וּ אֶת הָ/אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֲנִ֥י יָרֵֽא
42:19 Si pacifici estis, frater vester unus ligetur in carcere : vos autem abite, et ferte frumenta quae emistis, in domos vestras,
If you be peaceable men, let one of your brethren be bound in prison: and go ye your ways, and carry the corn that you have bought, unto your houses.
Εἰ εἰρηνικοί ἐστε, ἀδελφὸς ὑμῶν κατασχεθήτω εἷς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ· αὐτοὶ δὲ βαδίσατε, καὶ ἀπαγάγετε τὸν ἀγορασμὸν τῆς σιτοδοσίας ὑμῶν.
אִם כֵּנִ֣ים אַתֶּ֔ם אֲחִי/כֶ֣ם אֶחָ֔ד יֵאָסֵ֖ר בְּ/בֵ֣ית מִשְׁמַרְ/כֶ֑ם וְ/אַתֶּם֙ לְכ֣וּ הָבִ֔יאוּ שֶׁ֖בֶר רַעֲב֥וֹן בָּתֵּי/כֶֽם
42:20 et fratrem vestrum minimum ad me adducite, ut possim vestros probare sermones, et non moriamini. Fecerunt ut dixerat,
And bring your youngest brother to me, that I may find your words to be true, and you may not die. They did as he had said.
Καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὑμῶν τὸν νεώτερον ἀγάγετε πρός με, καὶ πιστευθήσονται τὰ ῥήματα ὑμῶν· εἰ δὲ μὴ, ἀποθανεῖσθε. Ἐποίησαν δὲ οὕτως.
וְ/אֶת אֲחִי/כֶ֤ם הַ/קָּטֹן֙ תָּבִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֔/י וְ/יֵאָמְנ֥וּ דִבְרֵי/כֶ֖ם וְ/לֹ֣א תָמ֑וּתוּ וַ/יַּעֲשׂוּ כֵֽן
42:21 et locuti sunt ad invicem : Merito haec patimur, quia peccavimus in fratrem nostrum, videntes angustiam animae illius, dum deprecaretur nos, et non audivimus : idcirco venit super nos ista tribulatio.
*H And they talked one to another: We deserve to suffer these things, because we have sinned against our brother, seeing the anguish of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not hear: therefore is this affliction come upon us.
Ver. 21. We deserve. Conscience upbraids. "Punishment opens the mouth, which sin had shut." S. Greg. M. — They had sold Joseph about 22 years before! C.
Καὶ εἶπεν ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, ναὶ, ἐν ἁμαρτίαις γάρ ἐσμεν περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἡμῶν, ὅτι ὑπερίδομεν τὴν θλίψιν τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ, ὅτε κατεδέετο ἡμῶν, καὶ οὐκ εἰσηκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἕνεκεν τούτου ἐπῆλθεν ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς ἡ θλίψις αὕτη.
וַ/יֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל אָחִ֗י/ו אֲבָל֮ אֲשֵׁמִ֣ים אֲנַחְנוּ֮ עַל אָחִי/נוּ֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר רָאִ֜ינוּ צָרַ֥ת נַפְשׁ֛/וֹ בְּ/הִתְחַֽנְנ֥/וֹ אֵלֵ֖י/נוּ וְ/לֹ֣א שָׁמָ֑עְנוּ עַל כֵּן֙ בָּ֣אָה אֵלֵ֔י/נוּ הַ/צָּרָ֖ה הַ/זֹּֽאת
42:22 E quibus unus Ruben, ait : Numquid non dixi vobis : Nolite peccare in puerum : et non audistis me ? en sanguis ejus exquiritur.
*H And Ruben, one of them, said: Did not I say to you: Do not sin against the boy; and you would not hear me? Behold his blood is required.
Ver. 22. His blood. Ruben supposed his brother was dead, (v. 13,) and judging that Jacob would not let Benjamin come, he thought they must all perish. H.
Ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ῥουβὴν εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, οὐκ ἐλάλησα ὑμῖν, λέγων, μὴ ἀδικήσητε τὸ παιδάριον, καὶ οὐκ εἰσηκούσατέ μου; καὶ ἰδοὺ τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐκζητεῖται.
וַ/יַּעַן֩ רְאוּבֵ֨ן אֹתָ֜/ם לֵ/אמֹ֗ר הֲ/לוֹא֩ אָמַ֨רְתִּי אֲלֵי/כֶ֧ם לֵ/אמֹ֛ר אַל תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ בַ/יֶּ֖לֶד וְ/לֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וְ/גַם דָּמ֖/וֹ הִנֵּ֥ה נִדְרָֽשׁ
42:23 Nesciebant autem quod intelligeret Joseph, eo quod per interpretem loqueretur ad eos.
*H And they knew not that Joseph understood, because he spoke to them by an interpreter.
Ver. 23. Interpreter, to keep them at a greater distance. It does not appear that the sons of Jacob were ignorant of the language of the country. C.
Αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐκ ᾔδεισαν, ὅτι ἀκούει Ἰωσήφ· ὁ γὰρ ἑρμηνευτὴς ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτῶν ἦν·
וְ/הֵם֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ כִּ֥י שֹׁמֵ֖עַ יוֹסֵ֑ף כִּ֥י הַ/מֵּלִ֖יץ בֵּינֹתָֽ/ם
42:24 Avertitque se parumper, et flevit : et reversus locutus est ad eos.
And he turned himself away a little while, and wept: and returning, he spoke to them.
Ἀποστραφεὶς δὲ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἔκλαυσεν Ἰωσήφ· καὶ πάλιν προσῆλθε πρὸς αὐτοὺς, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· καὶ ἔλαβε τὸν Συμεὼν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐναντίον αὐτῶν.
וַ/יִּסֹּ֥ב מֵֽ/עֲלֵי/הֶ֖ם וַ/יֵּ֑בְךְּ וַ/יָּ֤שָׁב אֲלֵ/הֶם֙ וַ/יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵ/הֶ֔ם וַ/יִּקַּ֤ח מֵֽ/אִתָּ/ם֙ אֶת שִׁמְע֔וֹן וַ/יֶּאֱסֹ֥ר אֹת֖/וֹ לְ/עֵינֵי/הֶֽם
42:25 Tollensque Simeon, et ligans illis praesentibus, jussit ministris ut implerent eorum saccos tritico, et reponerent pecunias singulorum in sacculis suis, datis supra cibariis in viam : qui fecerunt ita.
*H And taking Simeon, and binding him in their presence, he commanded his servants to fill their sacks with wheat, and to put every man's money again in their sacks, and to give them besides provisions for the way: and they did so.
Ver. 25. Simeon. If he had joined himself to Ruben and Juda, who seemed inclined to protect Joseph, they might easily have prevented the cruel act, by overawing their younger brothers. Hence he was most guilty. M. — Presence. That they might learn to condole with an afflicted brother.
Ἐνετείλατο δὲ Ἰωσὴφ ἐμπλῆσαι τὰ ἀγγεῖα αὐτῶν σίτου, καὶ ἀποδοῦναι τὸ ἀργύριον αὐτῶν ἑκάστῳ εἰς τὸν σάκκον αὐτοῦ, καὶ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς ἐπισιτισμὸν εἰς τὴν ὁδόν· καὶ ἐγενήθη αὐτοῖς οὕτως.
וַ/יְצַ֣ו יוֹסֵ֗ף וַ/יְמַלְא֣וּ אֶת כְּלֵי/הֶם֮ בָּר֒ וּ/לְ/הָשִׁ֤יב כַּסְפֵּי/הֶם֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל שַׂקּ֔/וֹ וְ/לָ/תֵ֥ת לָ/הֶ֛ם צֵדָ֖ה לַ/דָּ֑רֶךְ וַ/יַּ֥עַשׂ לָ/הֶ֖ם כֵּֽן
42:26 At illi portantes frumenta in asinis suis, profecti sunt.
But they having loaded their asses with the corn went their way.
Καὶ ἐπιθέντες τὸν σῖτον ἐπὶ τοῦς ὄνους αὐτῶν, ἀπῆλθον ἐκεῖθεν.
וַ/יִּשְׂא֥וּ אֶת שִׁבְרָ֖/ם עַל חֲמֹרֵי/הֶ֑ם וַ/יֵּלְכ֖וּ מִ/שָּֽׁם
42:27 Apertoque unus sacco, ut daret jumento pabulum in diversorio, contemplatus pecuniam in ore sacculi,
And one of them opening his sack, to give his beast provender in the inn, saw the money in the sack's mouth,
Λύσας δὲ εἷς τὸν μάρσιππον αὐτοῦ, δοῦναι χορτάσματα τοῖς ὄνοις αὐτοῦ, οὗ κατέλυσαν, καὶ εἶδε τὸν δεσμὸν τοῦ ἀργυρίου αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἦν ἐπάνω τοῦ στόματος τοῦ μαρσίππου.
וַ/יִּפְתַּ֨ח הָ/אֶחָ֜ד אֶת שַׂקּ֗/וֹ לָ/תֵ֥ת מִסְפּ֛וֹא לַ/חֲמֹר֖/וֹ בַּ/מָּל֑וֹן וַ/יַּרְא֙ אֶת כַּסְפּ֔/וֹ וְ/הִנֵּה ה֖וּא בְּ/פִ֥י אַמְתַּחְתּֽ/וֹ
42:28 dixit fratribus suis : Reddita est mihi pecunia, en habetur in sacco. Et obstupefacti, turbatique, mutuo dixerunt : Quidnam est hoc quod fecit nobis Deus ?
And said to his brethren: My money is given me again; behold it is in the sack. And they were astonished, and troubled, and said to one another: What is this that God hath done unto us?
Καὶ εἶπε τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ, ἀπεδόθη μοι τὸ ἀργύριον, καὶ ἰδοὺ τοῦτο ἐν τῷ μαρσίππῳ μου· καὶ ἐξέστη ἡ καρδία αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐταράχθησαν πρὸς ἀλλήλους, λέγοντες, τί τοῦτο ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῖν;
וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל אֶחָי/ו֙ הוּשַׁ֣ב כַּסְפִּ֔/י וְ/גַ֖ם הִנֵּ֣ה בְ/אַמְתַּחְתִּ֑/י וַ/יֵּצֵ֣א לִבָּ֗/ם וַ/יֶּֽחֶרְד֞וּ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל אָחִי/ו֙ לֵ/אמֹ֔ר מַה זֹּ֛את עָשָׂ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים לָֽ/נוּ
42:29 Veneruntque ad Jacob patrem suum in terram Chanaan, et narraverunt ei omnia quae accidissent sibi, dicentes :
And they came to Jacob their father in the land of Chanaan, and they told him all things that had befallen them, saying:
Ἦλθον δὲ πρὸς Ἰακὼβ τὸν πατέρα αὐτῶν εἰς γὴν Χαναὰν, καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν αὐτῷ πάντα τὰ συμβάντα αὐτοῖς, λέγοντες,
וַ/יָּבֹ֛אוּ אֶל יַעֲקֹ֥ב אֲבִי/הֶ֖ם אַ֣רְצָ/ה כְּנָ֑עַן וַ/יַּגִּ֣ידוּ ל֔/וֹ אֵ֛ת כָּל הַ/קֹּרֹ֥ת אֹתָ֖/ם לֵ/אמֹֽר
42:30 Locutus est nobis dominus terrae dure, et putavit nos exploratores esse provinciae.
The lord of the land spoke roughly to us, and took us to be spies of the country.
Λελάληκεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ κύριος τῆς γῆς πρὸς ἡμᾶς σκληρὰ, καὶ ἔθετο ἡμᾶς ἐν φυλακῇ, ὡς κατασκοπεύοντας τὴν γῆν.
דִּ֠בֶּר הָ/אִ֨ישׁ אֲדֹנֵ֥י הָ/אָ֛רֶץ אִתָּ֖/נוּ קָשׁ֑וֹת וַ/יִּתֵּ֣ן אֹתָ֔/נוּ כִּֽ/מְרַגְּלִ֖ים אֶת הָ/אָֽרֶץ
42:31 Cui respondimus : Pacifici sumus, nec ullas molimur insidias.
And we answered him: We are peaceable men, and we mean no plot.
Εἴπαμεν δὲ αὐτῷ, εἰρήνικοί ἐσμεν, οὐκ ἐσμὲν κατάσκοποι.
וַ/נֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖י/ו כֵּנִ֣ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ לֹ֥א הָיִ֖ינוּ מְרַגְּלִֽים
42:32 Duodecim fratres uno patre geniti sumus : unus non est super, minimus cum patre nostro est in terra Chanaan.
We are twelve brethren born of one father: one is not living, the youngest is with our father in the land of Chanaan.
Δώδεκα ἀδελφοί ἐσμεν, υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν· ὁ εἷς οὐχ ὑπάρχει· ὁ δὲ μικρὸς μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν σήμερον ἐν γῇ Χαναάν.
שְׁנֵים עָשָׂ֥ר אֲנַ֛חְנוּ אַחִ֖ים בְּנֵ֣י אָבִ֑י/נוּ הָ/אֶחָ֣ד אֵינֶ֔/נּוּ וְ/הַ/קָּטֹ֥ן הַ/יּ֛וֹם אֶת אָבִ֖י/נוּ בְּ/אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן
42:33 Qui ait nobis : Sic probabo quod pacifici sitis : fratrem vestrum unum dimittite apud me, et cibaria domibus vestris necessaria sumite, et abite,
And he said to us: Hereby shall I know that you are peaceable men: Leave one of your brethren with me, and take ye necessary provision for your houses, and go your ways,
Εἶπε δὲ ἡμῖν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ κύριος τῆς γῆς, ἐν τούτῳ γνώσομαι, ὅτι εἰρηνικοί ἐστε· ἀδελφὸν ἕνα ἄφετε ὧδε μετʼ ἐμοῦ· τὸν δὲ ἀγορασμὸν τῆς σιτοδοσίας τοῦ οἴκου ὑμῶν λαβόντες ἀπέλθατε.
וַ/יֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֵ֗י/נוּ הָ/אִישׁ֙ אֲדֹנֵ֣י הָ/אָ֔רֶץ בְּ/זֹ֣את אֵדַ֔ע כִּ֥י כֵנִ֖ים אַתֶּ֑ם אֲחִי/כֶ֤ם הָֽ/אֶחָד֙ הַנִּ֣יחוּ אִתִּ֔/י וְ/אֶת רַעֲב֥וֹן בָּתֵּי/כֶ֖ם קְח֥וּ וָ/לֵֽכוּ
42:34 fratremque vestrum minimum adducite ad me, ut sciam quod non sitis exploratores : et istum, qui tenetur in vinculis, recipere possitis : ac deinceps quae vultis, emendi habeatis licentiam.
*H And bring your youngest brother to me, that I may know you are not spies: and you may receive this man again, that is kept in prison: and afterwards may have leave to buy what you will.
Ver. 34. And you may, &c. Joseph had said, (v. 20,) and you may not die, which they thus interpret. H.
Καὶ ἀγάγετε πρός με τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὑμῶν τὸν νεώτερον· καὶ γνώσομαι ὅτι οὐ κατάσκοποί ἐστε, ἀλλʼ ὅτι εἰρηνικοί ἐστε· καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὑμῶν ἀποδώσω ὑμῖν, καὶ τῇ γῇ ἐμπορεύσεσθε.
וְ֠/הָבִיאוּ אֶת אֲחִי/כֶ֣ם הַ/קָּטֹן֮ אֵלַ/י֒ וְ/אֵֽדְעָ֗ה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א מְרַגְּלִים֙ אַתֶּ֔ם כִּ֥י כֵנִ֖ים אַתֶּ֑ם אֶת אֲחִי/כֶם֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לָ/כֶ֔ם וְ/אֶת הָ/אָ֖רֶץ תִּסְחָֽרוּ
42:35 His dictis, cum frumenta effunderent, singuli repererunt in ore saccorum ligatas pecunias, exterritisque simul omnibus,
*H When they had told this, they poured out their corn, and every man found his money tied in the mouth of his sack: and all being astonished together,
Ver. 35. Astonished. One had before made the discovery, v. 28. Now all find their purses among the corn, which renews their astonishment. C.
Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ κατακενοῦν αὐτοὺς τοὺς σάκκους αὐτῶν, καὶ ἦν ἑκάστου ὁ δεσμὸς τοῦ ἀργυρίου ἐν τῷ σάκκῳ αὐτῶν· καὶ εἶδον τοὺς δεσμοὺς τοῦ ἀργυρίου αὐτῶν αὐτοὶ, καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν.
וַ/יְהִ֗י הֵ֚ם מְרִיקִ֣ים שַׂקֵּי/הֶ֔ם וְ/הִנֵּה אִ֥ישׁ צְרוֹר כַּסְפּ֖/וֹ בְּ/שַׂקּ֑/וֹ וַ/יִּרְא֞וּ אֶת צְרֹר֧וֹת כַּסְפֵּי/הֶ֛ם הֵ֥מָּה וַ/אֲבִי/הֶ֖ם וַ/יִּירָֽאוּ
42:36 dixit pater Jacob : Absque liberis me esse fecistis : Joseph non est super, Simeon tenetur in vinculis, et Benjamin auferetis : in me haec omnia mala reciderunt.
*H Their father Jacob said: You have made me to be without children: Joseph is not living, Simeon is kept in bonds, and Benjamin you will take away: all these evils are fallen upon me.
Ver. 36. Without. Through excess of grief, Jacob speaks with a degree of exaggeration; or he thought his children were now taken from him so fast, that he would soon have none left.
Εἶπε δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἰακὼβ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῶν, ἐμὲ ἠτεκνώσατε· Ἰωσὴφ οὐκ ἔστι, Συμεὼν οὐκ ἔστι, καὶ τὸν Βενιαμὶν λήψεσθε; ἐπʼ ἐμὲ ἐγένετο ταῦτα πάντα.
וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵ/הֶם֙ יַעֲקֹ֣ב אֲבִי/הֶ֔ם אֹתִ֖/י שִׁכַּלְתֶּ֑ם יוֹסֵ֤ף אֵינֶ֨/נּוּ֙ וְ/שִׁמְע֣וֹן אֵינֶ֔/נּוּ וְ/אֶת בִּנְיָמִ֣ן תִּקָּ֔חוּ עָלַ֖/י הָי֥וּ כֻלָּֽ/נָה
42:37 Cui respondit Ruben : Duos filios meos interfice, si non reduxero illum tibi : trade illum in manu mea, et ego eum tibi restituam.
*H And Ruben answered him: Kill my two sons, if I bring him not again to thee: deliver him into my hand, and I will restore him to thee.
Ver. 37. Kill, &c. By this proposal, he meant to signify his utmost care and zeal to bring back young Benjamin safe to his father.
Εἶπε δὲ Ῥουβὴν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτῶν, λέγων, τοὺς δύο υἱούς μου ἀπόκτεινον, ἐὰν μὴ ἀγάγω αὐτὸν πρὸς σέ· δὸς αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν χεῖρά μου, κᾀγὼ ἀνάξω αὐτὸν πρὸς σέ.
וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר רְאוּבֵן֙ אֶל אָבִ֣י/ו לֵ/אמֹ֔ר אֶת שְׁנֵ֤י בָנַ/י֙ תָּמִ֔ית אִם לֹ֥א אֲבִיאֶ֖/נּוּ אֵלֶ֑י/ךָ תְּנָ֤/ה אֹת/וֹ֙ עַל יָדִ֔/י וַ/אֲנִ֖י אֲשִׁיבֶ֥/נּוּ אֵלֶֽי/ךָ
42:38 At ille : Non descendet, inquit, filius meus vobiscum : frater ejus mortuus est, et ipse solus remansit : si quid ei adversi acciderit in terra ad quam pergitis, deducetis canos meos cum dolore ad inferos.
*H But he said: My son shall not go down with you: his brother is dead, and he is left alone: if any mischief befall him in the land to which you go, you will bring down my grey hairs with sorrow to hell.
Ver. 38. Alone: the son of my beloved Rachel. H. — To hell. That is, to that place where the souls then remained, as above, chap. xxxvii. ver. 35. (Ch.) though with respect to his grey hairs, and body, it may signify the grave. H.
Ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, οὐ καταβήσεται ὁ υἱός μου μεθʼ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἀπέθανε, καὶ αὐτὸς μόνος καταλέλειπται· καὶ συμβήσεται αὐτὸν μαλακισθῆναι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ᾗ ἐὰν πορεύησθε, καὶ κατάξετέ μου τὸ γῆρας μετὰ λύπης εἰς ᾅδοῦ.
וַ/יֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא יֵרֵ֥ד בְּנִ֖/י עִמָּ/כֶ֑ם כִּֽי אָחִ֨י/ו מֵ֜ת וְ/ה֧וּא לְ/בַדּ֣/וֹ נִשְׁאָ֗ר וּ/קְרָאָ֤/הוּ אָסוֹן֙ בַּ/דֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ בָ֔/הּ וְ/הוֹרַדְתֶּ֧ם אֶת שֵׂיבָתִ֛/י בְּ/יָג֖וֹן שְׁאֽוֹלָ/ה