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20:1 Et factum est in anno septimo, in quinto, in decima mensis, venerunt viri de senioribus Israel ut interrogarent Dominum, et sederunt coram me.
* Footnotes
*H And it came to pass in the seventh year, in the fifth month, the tenth day of the month: there came men of the ancients of Israel to inquire of the Lord, and they sat before me.
Ver. 1. Month: A. 3411, Aug. 27. Usher. — Ezechiel had prophesied in the fourth year; then was silent a year and two months, or 430 days. He opened his mouth again in the sixth year, (C. viii. 1.) and now in the seventh year he is ordered not to answer. W. — We know not what the ancients wanted to know; but their design was evil. C.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἔτει τῷ ἑβδόμῳ τῇ πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς, ἦλθον ἄνδρες ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων οἴκου Ἰσραὴλ, ἐπερωτῆσαι τὸν Κύριον, καὶ ἐκάθισαν πρὸ προσώπου μου.
וַ/יְהִ֣י בַּ/שָּׁנָ֣ה הַ/שְּׁבִיעִ֗ית בַּֽ/חֲמִשִׁי֙ בֶּ/עָשׂ֣וֹר לַ/חֹ֔דֶשׁ בָּ֧אוּ אֲנָשִׁ֛ים מִ/זִּקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִ/דְרֹ֣שׁ אֶת יְהוָ֑ה וַ/יֵּשְׁב֖וּ לְ/פָנָֽ/י
20:2 Et factus est sermo Domini ad me, dicens :
And the word of the Lord came to me, saying:
Καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρὸς μὲ, λέγων,
וַ/יְהִ֥י דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥/י לֵ/אמֹֽר
20:3 Fili hominis, loquere senioribus Israel, et dices ad eos : Haec dicit Dominus Deus : Numquid ad interrogandum me vos venistis ? vivo ego quia non respondebo vobis, ait Dominus Deus.
Son of man, speak to the ancients of Israel and say to them: Thus saith the Lord God: Are you come to inquire of me? As I live, I will not answer you, saith the Lord God.
υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου, λάλησον πρὸς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους τοῦ οἴκου Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτοὺς, τάδε λέγει Κύριος, εἰ ἐπερωτῆσαί με ὑμεῖς ἔρχεσθε; ζῶ ἐγὼ, εἰ ἀποκριθήσομαι ὑμῖν, λέγει Κύριος.
בֶּן אָדָ֗ם דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶת זִקְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְ/אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵ/הֶ֔ם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֔ה הֲ/לִ/דְרֹ֥שׁ אֹתִ֖/י אַתֶּ֣ם בָּאִ֑ים חַי אָ֨נִי֙ אִם אִדָּרֵ֣שׁ לָ/כֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥/י יְהוִֽה
20:4 Si judicas eos, si judicas, fili hominis, abominationes patrum eorum ostende eis.
*H If thou judgest them, if thou judgest, O son of man, declare to them the abominations of their fathers.
Ver. 4. Judgest them; or, if thou wilt enter into the cause, and plead against them. Ch. — Lay before them the iniquities of their fathers, and their own, which bring on the reprobation of the greatest part. God will form his Church out of a few of them and of the Gentiles. The return of a small number from captivity is also insinuated.
Εἰ ἐκδικήσω αὐτοὺς ἐκδικήσει, υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου; τὰς ἀνομίας τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν διαμάρτυραι αὐτοῖς,
הֲ/תִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֹתָ֔/ם הֲ/תִשְׁפּ֖וֹט בֶּן אָדָ֑ם אֶת תּוֹעֲבֹ֥ת אֲבוֹתָ֖/ם הוֹדִיעֵֽ/ם
20:5 Et dices ad eos : Haec dicit Dominus Deus : In die qua elegi Israel, et levavi manum meam pro stirpe domus Jacob, et apparui eis in terra Aegypti, et levavi manum meam pro eis, dicens : Ego Dominus Deus vester :
And say to them: Thus saith the Lord God: In the day when I chose Israel, and lifted up my hand for the race of the house of Jacob: and appeared to them in the land of Egypt, and lifted up my hand for them, saying: I am the Lord your God:
'καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτοὺς, τάδε λέγει Κύριος,
וְ/אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵי/הֶ֗ם כֹּֽה אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִה֒ בְּ/יוֹם֙ בָּחֳרִ֣/י בְ/יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וָ/אֶשָּׂ֣א יָדִ֗/י לְ/זֶ֨רַע֙ בֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וָ/אִוָּדַ֥ע לָ/הֶ֖ם בְּ/אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וָ/אֶשָּׂ֨א יָדִ֤/י לָ/הֶם֙ לֵ/אמֹ֔ר אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵי/כֶֽם
20:6 in die illa levavi manum meam pro eis ut educerem eos de terra Aegypti, in terram quam provideram eis, fluentem lacte et melle, quae est egregia inter omnes terras.
*H In that day I lifted up my hand for them to bring them out of the land of Egypt, into a land which I had provided for them, flowing with milk and honey, which excelled amongst all lands.
Ver. 6. Excelleth. Heb. "is beauty or a desire." Sept. "a honeycomb." C.
Ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἀντελαβόμην τῇ χειρί μου αὐτῶν, τοῦ ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου εἰς τὴν γῆν ἣν ἡτοίμασα αὐτοῖς, γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι, κηρίον ἐστὶ παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν.
בַּ/יּ֣וֹם הַ/ה֗וּא נָשָׂ֤אתִי יָדִ/י֙ לָ/הֶ֔ם לְ/הֽוֹצִיאָ֖/ם מֵ/אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֶל אֶ֜רֶץ אֲשֶׁר תַּ֣רְתִּי לָ/הֶ֗ם זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּ/דְבַ֔שׁ צְבִ֥י הִ֖יא לְ/כָל הָ/אֲרָצֽוֹת
20:7 Et dixi ad eos : Unusquisque offensiones oculorum suorum abjiciat, et in idolis Aegypti nolite pollui : ego Dominus Deus vester.
*H And I said to them: Let every man cast away the scandals of his eyes, and defile not yourselves with the idols of Egypt: I am the Lord your God.
Ver. 7. Scandals, &c. (offensiones) that is, the abominations or idols, to the worship of which they were allured by their eyes. Ch. — Moses found them in this condition in Egypt, and he could not entirely reclaim them. C. — Many still secreted their idols. C. xxiii. 1. Acts vii. 42. H.
Καὶ εἶπα πρὸς αὐτοὺς, ἕκαστος βδελύγματα τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ ἀποῤῥιψάτω, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν Αἰγύπτου μὴ μιαίνεσθε, ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν.
וָ/אֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵ/הֶ֗ם אִ֣ישׁ שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵינָי/ו֙ הַשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וּ/בְ/גִלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם אַל תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵי/כֶֽם
20:8 Et irritaverunt me, nolueruntque me audire : unusquisque abominationes oculorum suorum non projecit, nec idola Aegypti reliquerunt. Et dixi ut effunderem indignationem meam super eos, et implerem iram meam in eis, in medio terrae Aegypti.
*H But they provoked me, and would not hearken to me: they did not every man cast away the abominations of his eyes, neither did they forsake the idols of Egypt: and I said I would pour out my indignation upon them, and accomplish my wrath against them in the midst of the land of Egypt.
Ver. 8. Egypt. Their disorders called for such severity. But God was restrained by the dangers (C.) of blasphemy, &c. to which the faithful and idolaters would thus have been exposed. H. — He saved them as he had promised, though they did not deserve it. W.
Καὶ ἀπέστησαν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησαν εἰσακοῦσαί μου, τὰ βδελύγματα τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀπέῤῥιψαν, καὶ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα Αἰγύπτου οὐκ ἐγκατέλιπον· καὶ εἶπα τοῦ ἐκχέαι τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς, τοῦ συντελέσαι ὀργήν μου ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν μέσῳ τῆς Αἰγύπτου.
וַ/יַּמְרוּ בִ֗/י וְ/לֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ לִּ/שְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלַ֔/י אִ֣ישׁ אֶת שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵֽינֵי/הֶם֙ לֹ֣א הִשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וְ/אֶת גִּלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹ֣א עָזָ֑בוּ וָ/אֹמַ֞ר לִ/שְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣/י עֲלֵי/הֶ֗ם לְ/כַלּ֤וֹת אַפִּ/י֙ בָּ/הֶ֔ם בְּ/ת֖וֹךְ אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם
20:9 Et feci propter nomen meum, ut non violaretur coram gentibus in quarum medio erant, et inter quas apparui eis ut educerem eos de terra Aegypti.
But I did otherwise for my name's sake, that it might not be violated before the nations, in the midst of whom they were, and among whom I made myself known to them, to bring them out of the land of Egypt.
Καὶ ἐποίησα ὅπως τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ παράπαν μὴ βεβηλωθῇ ἐνώπιον τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὧν αὐτοί εἰσιν ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν, ἐν οἷς ἐγνώσθην πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν, τοῦ ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου.
וָ/אַ֨עַשׂ֙ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֔/י לְ/בִלְתִּ֥י הֵחֵ֛ל לְ/עֵינֵ֥י הַ/גּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁר הֵ֣מָּה בְ/תוֹכָ֑/ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נוֹדַ֤עְתִּי אֲלֵי/הֶם֙ לְ/עֵ֣ינֵי/הֶ֔ם לְ/הוֹצִיאָ֖/ם מֵ/אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם
20:10 Ejeci ergo eos de terra Aegypti, et eduxi eos in desertum.
*H Therefore I brought them out from the land of Egypt, and brought them into the desert.
Ver. 10. Brought. Lit. "cast," (H.) as if they had been reluctant.
Καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν ἔρημον,
וָ/אֽוֹצִיאֵ֖/ם מֵ/אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וָ/אֲבִאֵ֖/ם אֶל הַ/מִּדְבָּֽר
20:11 Et dedi eis praecepta mea, et judicia mea ostendi eis, quae faciens homo vivet in eis.
* Footnotes
*H And I gave them my statutes, and I shewed them my judgments, which if a man do, he shall live in them.
Ver. 11. Live, and enjoy temporal felicity, which was chiefly promised, though the faithful observers of the law would obtain an eternal reward.
καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτοῖς τὰ προστάγματά μου, καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου ἐγνώρισα αὐτοῖς, ὅσα ποιήσει αὐτὰ ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς.
וָ/אֶתֵּ֤ן לָ/הֶם֙ אֶת חֻקּוֹתַ֔/י וְ/אֶת מִשְׁפָּטַ֖/י הוֹדַ֣עְתִּי אוֹתָ֑/ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אוֹתָ֛/ם הָ/אָדָ֖ם וָ/חַ֥י בָּ/הֶֽם
20:12 Insuper et sabbata mea dedi eis, ut essent signum inter me et eos, et scirent quia ego Dominus sanctificans eos.
* Footnotes
*H Moreover I gave them also my sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them: and that they might know that I am the Lord that sanctify them.
Ver. 12. Sign, as also to promote piety and instruction.
Καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἔδωκα αὐτοῖς, τοῦ εἶναι εἰς σημεῖον ἀναμέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ἀναμέσον αὐτῶν, τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτοὺς διότι ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων αὐτούς.
וְ/גַ֤ם אֶת שַׁבְּתוֹתַ/י֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָ/הֶ֔ם לִ/הְי֣וֹת לְ/א֔וֹת בֵּינִ֖/י וּ/בֵֽינֵי/הֶ֑ם לָ/דַ֕עַת כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשָֽׁ/ם
20:13 Et irritaverunt me domus Israel in deserto : in praeceptis meis non ambulaverunt, et judicia mea projecerunt, quae faciens homo vivet in eis, et sabbata mea violaverunt vehementer. Dixi ergo ut effunderem furorem meum super eos in deserto, et consumerem eos :
*H But the house of Israel provoked me in the desert: they walked not in my statutes, and they cast away my judgments, which if a man do he shall live in them: and they grievously violated my sabbaths. I said therefore that I would pour out my indignation upon them in the desert, and would consume them.
Ver. 13. Sabbaths. We only read of one man gathering sticks, and the people manna once on those days. Ex. xv. and xvi. But Moses does not mention all. C. — Sabbath often denotes the whole law, which they transgressed; and as long as they retained an affection for idols, they could not observe the sabbaths so as to please God.
Καὶ εἶπα πρὸς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί μου πορεύεσθε· καὶ οὐκ ἐπορεύθησαν· καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου ἀπώσαντο, ἃ ποιήσει αὐτὰ ἄνθρωπος καὶ ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς· καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἐβεβήλωσαν σφόδρα· καὶ εἶπα τοῦ ἐκχέαι τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, τοῦ ἐξαναλῶσαι αὐτούς.
וַ/יַּמְרוּ בִ֨/י בֵֽית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בַּ/מִּדְבָּ֗ר בְּ/חֻקּוֹתַ֨/י לֹא הָלָ֜כוּ וְ/אֶת מִשְׁפָּטַ֣/י מָאָ֗סוּ אֲשֶׁר֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אֹתָ֤/ם הָֽ/אָדָם֙ וָ/חַ֣י בָּ/הֶ֔ם וְ/אֶת שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖/י חִלְּל֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד וָ/אֹמַ֞ר לִ/שְׁפֹּ֨ךְ חֲמָתִ֧/י עֲלֵי/הֶ֛ם בַּ/מִּדְבָּ֖ר לְ/כַלּוֹתָֽ/ם
20:14 et feci propter nomen meum, ne violaretur coram gentibus de quibus ejeci eos in conspectu earum.
*H But I spared them for the sake of my name, lest it should be profaned before the nations, from which I brought them out, in their sight.
Ver. 14. But. Lit. "And I did for," &c. This motive caused me to spare them. H. — I punished only the most guilty adorers of the calf, and murmurers, &c. Num. xiv. 28. C. — Some were always preserved for a succession. v. 9, 22. W.
Καὶ ἐποίησα ὅπως τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ παράπαν μὴ βεβηλωθῇ ἐνώπιον τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὧν ἐξήγαγον αὐτοὺς κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν.
וָ/אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֑/י לְ/בִלְתִּ֤י הֵחֵל֙ לְ/עֵינֵ֣י הַ/גּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצֵאתִ֖י/ם לְ/עֵינֵי/הֶֽם
20:15 Ego igitur levavi manum meam super eos in deserto, ne inducerem eos in terram quam dedi eis, fluentem lacte et melle, praecipuam terrarum omnium :
So I lifted up my hand over them in the desert, not to bring them into the land which I had given them flowing with milk and honey, the best of all lands.
Καὶ ἐγὼ ἐξῇρα τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τὸ παράπαν, τοῦ μὴ εἰσαγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν ἣν ἔδωκα αὐτοῖς, γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι· κηρίον ἐστὶ παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν·
וְ/גַם אֲנִ֗י נָשָׂ֧אתִי יָדִ֛/י לָ/הֶ֖ם בַּ/מִּדְבָּ֑ר לְ/בִלְתִּי֩ הָבִ֨יא אוֹתָ֜/ם אֶל הָ/אָ֣רֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַ֗תִּי זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּ/דְבַ֔שׁ צְבִ֥י הִ֖יא לְ/כָל הָ/אֲרָצֽוֹת
20:16 quia judicia mea projecerunt, et in praeceptis meis non ambulaverunt, et sabbata mea violaverunt : post idola enim cor eorum gradiebatur.
Because they cast off my judgments, and walked not in my statutes, and violated my sabbaths: for their heart went after idols.
Ἀνθʼ ὧν τὰ δικαιώματά μου ἀπώσαντο, καὶ ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί μου οὐκ ἐπορεύθησαν ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἐβεβήλουν, καὶ ὀπίσω τῶν ἐνθυμημάτων καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐπορεύοντο.
יַ֜עַן בְּ/מִשְׁפָּטַ֣/י מָאָ֗סוּ וְ/אֶת חֻקּוֹתַ/י֙ לֹא הָלְכ֣וּ בָ/הֶ֔ם וְ/אֶת שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖/י חִלֵּ֑לוּ כִּ֛י אַחֲרֵ֥י גִלּוּלֵי/הֶ֖ם לִבָּ֥/ם הֹלֵֽךְ
20:17 Et pepercit oculus meus super eos, ut non interficerem eos : nec consumpsi eos in deserto.
Yet my eye spared them, so that I destroyed them not: neither did I consume them in the desert.
Καὶ ἐφείσατο ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς, τοῦ ἐξαλεῖψαι αὐτοὺς, καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησα αὐτοὺς εἰς συντέλειαν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ.
וַ/תָּ֧חָס עֵינִ֛/י עֲלֵי/הֶ֖ם מִֽ/שַּׁחֲתָ֑/ם וְ/לֹֽא עָשִׂ֧יתִי אוֹתָ֛/ם כָּלָ֖ה בַּ/מִּדְבָּֽר
20:18 Dixi autem ad filios eorum in solitudine : In praeceptis patrum vestrorum nolite incedere, nec judicia eorum custodiatis, nec in idolis eorum polluamini.
And I said to their children in the wilderness: Walk not in the statutes of your fathers, and observe not their judgments, nor be ye defiled with their idols:
Καὶ εἶπα πρὸς τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, ἐν τοῖς νομίμοις τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν μὴ πορεύεσθε, καὶ τὰ δικαιώματα αὐτῶν μὴ φυλάσσεσθε, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν αὐτῶν μὴ συναναμίσγεσθε, καὶ μὴ μιαίνεσθε.
וָ/אֹמַ֤ר אֶל בְּנֵי/הֶם֙ בַּ/מִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּ/חוּקֵּ֤י אֲבֽוֹתֵי/כֶם֙ אַל תֵּלֵ֔כוּ וְ/אֶת מִשְׁפְּטֵי/הֶ֖ם אַל תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ וּ/בְ/גִלּוּלֵי/הֶ֖ם אַל תִּטַּמָּֽאוּ
20:19 Ego Dominus Deus vester : in praeceptis meis ambulate : judicia mea custodite, et facite ea,
I am the Lord your God: walk ye in my statutes, and observe my judgments, and do them.
Ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν· ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί μου πορεύεσθε, καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου φυλάσσεσθε, καὶ ποιεῖτε αὐτά.
אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי/כֶ֔ם בְּ/חֻקּוֹתַ֖/י לֵ֑כוּ וְ/אֶת מִשְׁפָּטַ֥/י שִׁמְר֖וּ וַ/עֲשׂ֥וּ אוֹתָֽ/ם
20:20 et sabbata mea sanctificate, ut sint signum inter me et vos, et sciatis quia ego sum Dominus Deus vester.
And sanctify my sabbaths, that they may be a sign between me and you: and that you may know that I am the Lord your God.
Καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἁγιάζετε, καὶ ἔστω εἰς σημεῖον ἀναμέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ὑμῶν, τοῦ γινώσκειν διότι ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν.
וְ/אֶת שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖/י קַדֵּ֑שׁוּ וְ/הָי֤וּ לְ/אוֹת֙ בֵּינִ֣/י וּ/בֵֽינֵי/כֶ֔ם לָ/דַ֕עַת כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵי/כֶֽם
20:21 Et exacerbaverunt me filii : in praeceptis meis non ambulaverunt, et judicia mea non custodierunt ut facerent ea, quae cum fecerit homo, vivet in eis, et sabbata mea violaverunt. Et comminatus sum ut effunderem furorem meum super eos, et implerem iram meam in eis in deserto.
But their children provoked me, they walked not in my commandments, nor observed my judgments to do them: which if a man do, he shall live in them: and they violated my sabbaths: and I threatened to pour out my indignation upon them, and to accomplish my wrath in them in the desert.
Καὶ παρεπίκρανάν με, καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί μου οὐκ ἐπορεύθησαν, καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου οὐκ ἐφυλάξαντο τοῦ ποιεῖν αὐτὰ, ἃ ποιήσει ἄνθρωπος καὶ ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἐβεβήλουν· καῖ εἶπα τοῦ ἐκχέαι τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, τοῦ συντελέσαι τὴν ὀργήν μου ἐπʼ αὐτούς.
וַ/יַּמְרוּ בִ֣/י הַ/בָּנִ֗ים בְּ/חֻקּוֹתַ֣/י לֹֽא הָ֠לָכוּ וְ/אֶת מִשְׁפָּטַ֨/י לֹא שָׁמְר֜וּ לַ/עֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗/ם אֲשֶׁר֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אוֹתָ֤/ם הָֽ/אָדָם֙ וָ/חַ֣י בָּ/הֶ֔ם אֶת שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖/י חִלֵּ֑לוּ וָ/אֹמַ֞ר לִ/שְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣/י עֲלֵי/הֶ֗ם לְ/כַלּ֥וֹת אַפִּ֛/י בָּ֖/ם בַּ/מִּדְבָּֽר
20:22 Averti autem manum meam, et feci propter nomen meum, ut non violaretur coram gentibus de quibus ejeci eos in oculis earum.
But I turned away my hand, and wrought for my name's sake, that it might not be violated before the nations, out of which I brought them forth in their sight.
Καὶ ἐποίησα ὅπως τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ παράπαν μὴ βεβηλωθῇ ἐνώπιον τῶν ἐθνῶν, καὶ ἐξήγαγον αὐτοὺς κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν.
וַ/הֲשִׁבֹ֨תִי֙ אֶת יָדִ֔/י וָ/אַ֖עַשׂ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֑/י לְ/בִלְתִּ֤י הֵחֵל֙ לְ/עֵינֵ֣י הַ/גּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אוֹתָ֖/ם לְ/עֵינֵי/הֶֽם
20:23 Iterum levavi manum meam in eos in solitudine, ut dispergerem illos in nationes, et ventilarem in terras,
*H Again I lifted up my hand upon them in the wilderness, to disperse them among the nations, and scatter them through the countries:
Ver. 23. Again, or also. H. — Four times are specified v. 13, 15, 21. which may allude to the adoration of the calf, the graves of concupiscence, the murmuring, and commerce with the women and idols of Moab. Ex. xxiii. Num. x. and xiv. and xxv. C.
Ἐξῇρα τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τοῦ διασκορπίσαι αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι, διασπεῖραι αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς χώραις,
גַּם אֲנִ֗י נָשָׂ֧אתִי אֶת יָדִ֛/י לָ/הֶ֖ם בַּ/מִּדְבָּ֑ר לְ/הָפִ֤יץ אֹתָ/ם֙ בַּ/גּוֹיִ֔ם וּ/לְ/זָר֥וֹת אוֹתָ֖/ם בָּ/אֲרָצֽוֹת
20:24 eo quod judicia mea non fecissent, et praecepta mea reprobassent, et sabbata mea violassent, et post idola patrum suorum fuissent oculi eorum.
Because they had not done my judgments, and had cast off my statutes, and had violated my sabbaths, and their eyes had been after the idols of their fathers.
ἀνθʼ ὧν τὰ δικαιώματά μου οὐκ ἐποίησαν, καὶ τὰ προστάγματά μου ἀπώσαντο, καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἐβεβήλουν καὶ ὀπίσω τῶν ἐνθυμημάτων τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν ἦσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν.
יַ֜עַן מִשְׁפָּטַ֤/י לֹֽא עָשׂוּ֙ וְ/חֻקּוֹתַ֣/י מָאָ֔סוּ וְ/אֶת שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖/י חִלֵּ֑לוּ וְ/אַחֲרֵי֙ גִּלּוּלֵ֣י אֲבוֹתָ֔/ם הָי֖וּ עֵינֵי/הֶֽם
20:25 Ergo et ego dedi eis praecepta non bona, et judicia in quibus non vivent.
*H Therefore I also gave them statutes that were not good, and judgments, in which they shall not live.
Ver. 25. Not good. The laws and ordinances of their enemies: or those imposed upon them by that cruel tyrant the devil, to whose power they were delivered up for their sins; (Ch.) which may be styled the statutes of your fathers, &c. v. 18. H. — God is often said to do what he only permits. C. — He abandoned them to their own perversity. S. Jer. Deut. xxxii. 21. 37. — If God had spoken of the Decalogue, &c. would he say such laws were not good, after he had testified that the observers shall live in them? v. 11. He established the ceremonial law, at the same time. See Kimchi. M. &c. Chal. "I have given them up to their foolish desires. They have established bad statutes and laws which will not give them life." This seems the best explanation. C. — Heb. "Have I given...(26) and have I polluted them?" &c. Manasse Ben. Israel. The precepts had also a bad effect, and were given in condescension to the weakness of the people, (Orig.) particularly the ceremonial part. S. Just. S. Chrys. S. Jer. &c. — They did not justify, (S. Aug.) and were not good, compared with those of the new law. S. Greg. mor. xxviii. 9. — Thus Solon gave the Athenians "the best laws that they would receive," (Plut.) though others more perfect might have been devised. C.
Καὶ ἐγὼ ἔδωκα αὐτοῖς προστάγματα οὐ καλὰ, καὶ δικαιώματα ἐν οἷς οὐ ζήσονται ἐν αὐτοῖς.
וְ/גַם אֲנִי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָ/הֶ֔ם חֻקִּ֖ים לֹ֣א טוֹבִ֑ים וּ/מִ֨שְׁפָּטִ֔ים לֹ֥א יִֽחְי֖וּ בָּ/הֶֽם
* Summa
*S Part 2,
Ques 98,
Article 1
[I-II, Q. 98, Art. 1]
Whether the Old Law Was Good?
Objection 1: It would seem that the Old Law was not good. For it is written (Ezech. 20:25): "I gave them statutes that were not good, and judgments in which they shall not live." But a law is not said to be good except on account of the goodness of the precepts that it contains. Therefore the Old Law was not good.
Obj. 2: Further, it belongs to the goodness of a law that it conduce to the common welfare, as Isidore says (Etym. v, 3). But the Old Law was not salutary; rather was it deadly and hurtful. For the Apostle says (Rom. 7:8, seqq.): "Without the law sin was dead. And I lived some time without the law. But when the commandment came sin revived; and I died." Again he says (Rom. 5:20): "Law entered in that sin might abound." Therefore the Old Law was not good.
Obj. 3: Further, it belongs to the goodness of the law that it should be possible to obey it, both according to nature, and according to human custom. But such the Old Law was not: since Peter said (Acts 15:10): "Why tempt you (God) to put a yoke on the necks of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear?" Therefore it seems that the Old Law was not good.
_On the contrary,_ The Apostle says (Rom. 7:12): "Wherefore the law indeed is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good."
_I answer that,_ Without any doubt, the Old Law was good. For just as a doctrine is shown to be good by the fact that it accords with right reason, so is a law proved to be good if it accords with reason. Now the Old Law was in accordance with reason. Because it repressed concupiscence which is in conflict with reason, as evidenced by the commandment, "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods" (Ex. 20:17). Moreover the same law forbade all kinds of sin; and these too are contrary to reason. Consequently it is evident that it was a good law. The Apostle argues in the same way (Rom. 7): "I am delighted," says he (verse 22), "with the law of God, according to the inward man": and again (verse 16): "I consent to the law, that is good."
But it must be noted that the good has various degrees, as Dionysius states (Div. Nom. iv): for there is a perfect good, and an imperfect good. In things ordained to an end, there is perfect goodness when a thing is such that it is sufficient in itself to conduce to the end: while there is imperfect goodness when a thing is of some assistance in attaining the end, but is not sufficient for the realization thereof. Thus a medicine is perfectly good, if it gives health to a man; but it is imperfect, if it helps to cure him, without being able to bring him back to health. Again it must be observed that the end of human law is different from the end of Divine law. For the end of human law is the temporal tranquillity of the state, which end law effects by directing external actions, as regards those evils which might disturb the peaceful condition of the state. On the other hand, the end of the Divine law is to bring man to that end which is everlasting happiness; which end is hindered by any sin, not only of external, but also of internal action. Consequently that which suffices for the perfection of human law, viz. the prohibition and punishment of sin, does not suffice for the perfection of the Divine law: but it is requisite that it should make man altogether fit to partake of everlasting happiness. Now this cannot be done save by the grace of the Holy Ghost, whereby "charity" which fulfilleth the law . . . "is spread abroad in our hearts" (Rom. 5:5): since "the grace of God is life everlasting" (Rom. 6:23). But the Old Law could not confer this grace, for this was reserved to Christ; because, as it is written (John 1:17), the law was given "by Moses, grace and truth came by Jesus Christ." Consequently the Old Law was good indeed, but imperfect, according to Heb. 7:19: "The law brought nothing to perfection."
Reply Obj. 1: The Lord refers there to the ceremonial precepts; which are said not to be good, because they did not confer grace unto the remission of sins, although by fulfilling these precepts man confessed himself a sinner. Hence it is said pointedly, "and judgments in which they shall not live"; i.e. whereby they are unable to obtain life; and so the text goes on: "And I polluted them," i.e. showed them to be polluted, "in their own gifts, when they offered all that opened the womb, for their offenses."
Reply Obj. 2: The law is said to have been deadly, as being not the cause, but the occasion of death, on account of its imperfection: in so far as it did not confer grace enabling man to fulfil what is prescribed, and to avoid what it forbade. Hence this occasion was not given to men, but taken by them. Wherefore the Apostle says (Rom. 5:11): "Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, seduced me, and by it killed me." In the same sense when it is said that "the law entered in that sin might abound," the conjunction "that" must be taken as consecutive and not final: in so far as men, taking occasion from the law, sinned all the more, both because a sin became more grievous after law had forbidden it, and because concupiscence increased, since we desire a thing the more from its being forbidden.
Reply Obj. 3: The yoke of the law could not be borne without the help of grace, which the law did not confer: for it is written (Rom. 9:16): "It is not him that willeth, nor of him that runneth," viz. that he wills and runs in the commandments of God, "but of God that showeth mercy." Wherefore it is written (Ps. 118:32): "I have run the way of Thy commandments, when Thou didst enlarge my heart," i.e. by giving me grace and charity. ________________________
SECOND
20:26 Et pollui eos in muneribus suis, cum offerrent omne quod aperit vulvam, propter delicta sua : et scient quia ego Dominus.
*H And I polluted them in their own gifts, when they offered all that opened the womb, for their offences: and they shall know that I am the Lord.
Ver. 26. I polluted them, &c. That is, I gave them up to such blindness, in punishment of their offences, as to pollute themselves with the blood of all their first-born, whom they offered up to their idols in compliance with their wicked devices. Ch. M. Lev. xviii. 21. and 4 Kin. iii. ultr. and xxi. 6. C. — Offered. Prot. "caused to pass through the fire all, &c. C. xvi. 21. — For their. Prot. "that I might make them desolate to the end, that," &c.
Καὶ μιανῶ αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς δόγμασιν αὐτῶν, ἐν τῷ διαπορεύεσθαί με πᾶν διανοῖγον μήτραν, ὅπως ἀφανίσω αὐτούς.
וָ/אֲטַמֵּ֤א אוֹתָ/ם֙ בְּ/מַתְּנוֹתָ֔/ם בְּ/הַעֲבִ֖יר כָּל פֶּ֣טֶר רָ֑חַם לְמַ֣עַן אֲשִׁמֵּ֔/ם לְמַ֨עַן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵֽדְע֔וּ אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
20:27 Quam ob rem loquere ad domum Israel, fili hominis, et dices ad eos : Haec dicit Dominus Deus : Adhuc et in hoc blasphemaverunt me patres vestri, cum sprevissent me contemnentes,
Wherefore speak to the house of Israel, O son of man, and say to them: Thus saith the Lord God: Moreover in this also your fathers blaspheme me, when they had despised and contemned me;
Διατοῦτο λάλησον πρὸς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου, καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτοὺς, τάδε λέγει Κύριος, ἕως τούτου παρώργισάν με οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν ἐν τοῖς παραπτώμασιν αὐτῶν ἐν οἷς παρέπεσον εἰς ἐμέ.
לָ/כֵ֞ן דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶל בֵּ֤ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בֶּן אָדָ֔ם וְ/אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵי/הֶ֔ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֑ה ע֗וֹד זֹ֚את גִּדְּפ֤וּ אוֹתִ/י֙ אֲב֣וֹתֵי/כֶ֔ם בְּ/מַעֲלָ֥/ם בִּ֖/י מָֽעַל
20:28 et induxissem eos in terram super quam levavi manum meam ut darem eis : viderunt omnem collem excelsum, et omne lignum nemorosum, et immolaverunt ibi victimas suas, et dederunt ibi irritationem oblationis suae, et posuerunt ibi odorem suavitatis suae, et libaverunt libationes suas.
And I had brought them into the land, for which I lifted up my hand to give it them: they saw every high hill, and every shady tree, and there they sacrificed their victims: and there they presented the provocation of their offerings, and there they set their sweet odours, and poured forth their libations.
Καὶ εἰσήγαγον αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν ἣν ᾖρα τὴν χεῖρά μου δοῦναι αὐτὴν αὐτοῖς· καὶ ἴδον πάντα βουνὸν ὑψηλὸν, καὶ πᾶν ξύλον κατάσκιον, καὶ ἔθυσαν ἐκεῖ τοῖς θεοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔταξαν ἐκεῖ ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας, καὶ ἔσπεισαν ἐκεῖ τὰς σπονδὰς αὐτῶν.
וָ/אֲבִיאֵ/ם֙ אֶל הָ/אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת יָדִ֔/י לָ/תֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖/הּ לָ/הֶ֑ם וַ/יִּרְאוּ֩ כָל גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה וְ/כָל עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֗ת וַ/יִּזְבְּחוּ שָׁ֤ם אֶת זִבְחֵי/הֶם֙ וַ/יִּתְּנוּ שָׁם֙ כַּ֣עַס קָרְבָּנָ֔/ם וַ/יָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שָׁ֗ם רֵ֚יחַ נִיח֣וֹחֵי/הֶ֔ם וַ/יַּסִּ֥יכוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת נִסְכֵּי/הֶֽם
20:29 Et dixi ad eos : Quid est excelsum, ad quod vos ingredimini ? et vocatum est nomen ejus Excelsum usque ad hanc diem.
*H And I said to them: What meaneth the high place to which you go? and the name thereof was called High-place even to this day.
Ver. 29. Called high. Heb. "Bamah," (H.) out of contempt. C. — The Jews were so much attached to the high places, that they called the altar of the Lord by the same name. Thus heretics are convicted by the very names they use, calling sacrifice service, &c. W.
Καὶ εἶπον πρὸς αὐτοὺς, τί ἐστιν Ἀβαμὰ, ὅτι ὑμεῖς εἰσπορεύεσθε ἐκεῖ; καὶ ἐπεκάλεσαν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἀβαμὰ, ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας·
וָ/אֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵ/הֶ֔ם מָ֣ה הַ/בָּמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּ֥ם הַ/בָּאִ֖ים שָׁ֑ם וַ/יִּקָּרֵ֤א שְׁמָ/הּ֙ בָּמָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַ/יּ֥וֹם הַ/זֶּֽה
20:30 Propterea dic ad domum Israel : Haec dicit Dominus Deus : Certe in via patrum vestrorum vos polluimini, et post offendicula eorum vos fornicamini :
Wherefore say to the house of Israel: Thus saith the Lord God: Verily, you are defiled in the way of your fathers, and you commit fornication with their abominations.
Διατοῦτο εἰπὸν πρὸς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, τάδε λέγει Κύριος, εἰ ἐν ταῖς ἀνομίαις τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν ὑμεῖς μιαίνεσθε, καὶ ὀπίσω τῶν βδελυγμάτων αὐτῶν ὑμεῖς ἐκπορνεύετε,
לָ/כֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֣ר אֶל בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֔ה הַ/בְּ/דֶ֥רֶךְ אֲבֽוֹתֵי/כֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֣ם נִטְמְאִ֑ים וְ/אַחֲרֵ֥י שִׁקּוּצֵי/הֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֥ם זֹנִֽים
20:31 et in oblatione donorum vestrorum, cum traducitis filios vestros per ignem, vos polluimini in omnibus idolis vestris usque hodie : et ego respondebo vobis, domus Israel ? Vivo ego, dicit Dominus Deus, quia non respondebo vobis.
And you defile yourselves with all your idols unto this day, in the offering of your gifts, when you make your children pass through the fire: and shall I answer you, O house of Israel? As I live, saith the Lord God, I will not answer you.
καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀπαρχαῖς τῶν δομάτων ὑμῶν, ἐν τοῖς ἀφορισμοῖς οἷς ὑμεῖς μιαίνεσθε ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐνθυμήμασιν ὑμῶν ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας, καὶ ἐγὼ ἀποκριθῶ ὑμῖν οἶκος τοῦ Ἰσραήλ; Ζῶ ἐγὼ, λέγει Κύριος, εἰ ἀποκριθήσομαι ὑμῖν, καὶ εἰ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ τὸ πνεῦμα ὑμῶν τοῦτο.
וּ/בִ/שְׂאֵ֣ת מַתְּנֹֽתֵי/כֶ֡ם בְּֽ/הַעֲבִיר֩ בְּנֵי/כֶ֨ם בָּ/אֵ֜שׁ אַתֶּם֩ נִטְמְאִ֤֨ים לְ/כָל גִּלּֽוּלֵי/כֶם֙ עַד הַ/יּ֔וֹם וַ/אֲנִ֛י אִדָּרֵ֥שׁ לָ/כֶ֖ם בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חַי אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֔ה אִם אִדָּרֵ֖שׁ לָ/כֶֽם
20:32 Neque cogitatio mentis vestrae fiet, dicentium : Erimus sicut gentes et sicut cognationes terrae, ut colamus ligna et lapides.
*H Neither shall the thought of your mind come to pass, by which you say: We will be as the Gentiles, and as the families of the earth, to worship stocks and stones.
Ver. 32. Stones. This was the secret intention of the ancients, (v. 1. H.) and of many in captivity, who were only praise-worthy compared with those at Jerusalem. C. xi. 15.
Καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ἐσόμεθα ὡς τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ ὡς αἱ φυλαὶ τῆς γῆς, τοῦ λατρεύειν ξύλοις καὶ λίθοις.
וְ/הָֽ/עֹלָה֙ עַל ר֣וּחֲ/כֶ֔ם הָי֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִֽהְיֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם אֹמְרִ֗ים נִֽהְיֶ֤ה כַ/גּוֹיִם֙ כְּ/מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הָ/אֲרָצ֔וֹת לְ/שָׁרֵ֖ת עֵ֥ץ וָ/אָֽבֶן
20:33 Vivo ego, dicit Dominus Deus, quoniam in manu forti, et in brachio extento, et in furore effuso, regnabo super vos.
*H As I live, saith the Lord God, I will reign over you with a strong hand, and with a stretched out arm, and with fury poured out.
Ver. 33. Out. I will not allow you to follow idols with impunity. C.
Διατοῦτο, ζῶ ἐγὼ, λέγει Κύριος, ἐν χειρὶ κραταιᾷ καὶ ἐν βραχίονι ὑψηλῷ καὶ ἐν θυμῷ κεχυμένῳ βασιλεύσω ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς,
חַי אָ֕נִי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֑ה אִם לֹ֠א בְּ/יָ֨ד חֲזָקָ֜ה וּ/בִ/זְר֧וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֛ה וּ/בְ/חֵמָ֥ה שְׁפוּכָ֖ה אֶמְל֥וֹךְ עֲלֵי/כֶֽם
20:34 Et educam vos de populis, et congregabo vos de terris in quibus dispersi estis : in manu valida, et in brachio extento, et in furore effuso, regnabo super vos.
And I will bring you out from the people, and I will gather you out of the countries, in which you are scattered, I will reign over you with a strong hand and with a stretched out arm, and with fury poured out.
καὶ ἐξάξω ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῶν λαῶν, καὶ εἰσδέξομαι ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῶν χωρῶν οὗ διεσκορπίσθητε ἐν αὐταῖς, ἐν χειρὶ κραταιᾷ καὶ ἐν βραχίονι ὑψηλῷ καὶ ἐν θυμῷ κεχυμένῳ.
וְ/הוֹצֵאתִ֤י אֶתְ/כֶם֙ מִן הָ֣/עַמִּ֔ים וְ/קִבַּצְתִּ֣י אֶתְ/כֶ֔ם מִן הָ֣/אֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְפוֹצֹתֶ֖ם בָּ֑/ם בְּ/יָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּ/בִ/זְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּ/בְ/חֵמָ֖ה שְׁפוּכָֽה
20:35 Et adducam vos in desertum populorum, et judicabor vobiscum ibi facie ad faciem.
*H And I will bring you into the wilderness of people, and there will I plead with you face to face.
Ver. 35. Of people. That is, a desert, in which there are no people; (Ch.) meaning Judea, to which they should return.
Καὶ ἄξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν ἔρημον τῶν λαῶν, καὶ διακριθήσομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐκεῖ πρόσωπον κατὰ προσώπον.
וְ/הֵבֵאתִ֣י אֶתְ/כֶ֔ם אֶל מִדְבַּ֖ר הָֽ/עַמִּ֑ים וְ/נִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֤י אִתְּ/כֶם֙ שָׁ֔ם פָּנִ֖ים אֶל פָּנִֽים
20:36 Sicut judicio contendi adversum patres vestros in deserto terrae Aegypti, sic judicabo vos, dicit Dominus Deus.
As I pleaded against your fathers in the desert of the land of Egypt; even so will I judge you, saith the Lord God.
Ὃν τρόπον διεκρίθην πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, οὕτως κρινῶ ὑμᾶς, λέγει Κύριος.
כַּ/אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁפַּ֨טְתִּי֙ אֶת אֲב֣וֹתֵי/כֶ֔ם בְּ/מִדְבַּ֖ר אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם כֵּ֚ן אִשָּׁפֵ֣ט אִתְּ/כֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥/י יְהוִֽה
20:37 Et subjiciam vos sceptro meo, et inducam vos in vinculis foederis.
*H And I will make you subject to my sceptre, and will bring you into the bands of the covenant.
Ver. 37. Covenant of the gospel, by the powerful attractions of grace. Lu. xiv. 24. Jo. vi. 69. and vii. 46. and 2 Cor. x. 4.
Καὶ διάξω ὑμᾶς ὑπὸ τὴν ῥάβδον μου, καὶ εἰσάξω ὑμᾶς ἐν ἀριθμῷ.
וְ/הַעֲבַרְתִּ֥י אֶתְ/כֶ֖ם תַּ֣חַת הַ/שָּׁ֑בֶט וְ/הֵבֵאתִ֥י אֶתְ/כֶ֖ם בְּ/מָסֹ֥רֶת הַ/בְּרִֽית
20:38 Et eligam de vobis transgressores et impios, et de terra incolatus eorum educam eos, et in terram Israel non ingredientur : et scietis quia ego Dominus.
*H And I will pick out from among you the transgressors, and the wicked, and will bring them out of the land where they sojourn, and they shall not enter into the land of Israel: and you shall know that I am the Lord.
Ver. 38. Israel. They shall continue in exile; or the rebel Jews who will not believe in Christ, shall be cast off. C.
Καὶ ἐκλέξω ἐξ ὑμῶν τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς καὶ τοὺς ἀφεστηκότας, διότι ἐκ τῆς παροικεσίας αὐτῶν ἐξάξω αὐτοὺς, καὶ εἰς τὴν γῆν τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ οὐκ εἰσελεύσονται· καὶ ἐπιγνώσεσθε διότι ἐγὼ Κύριος Κύριος.
וּ/בָרוֹתִ֣י מִ/כֶּ֗ם הַ/מֹּרְדִ֤ים וְ/הַ/פּֽוֹשְׁעִים֙ בִּ֔/י מֵ/אֶ֤רֶץ מְגֽוּרֵי/הֶם֙ אוֹצִ֣יא אוֹתָ֔/ם וְ/אֶל אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֣א יָב֑וֹא וִֽ/ידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּי אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
20:39 Et vos, domus Israel, haec dicit Dominus Deus : Singuli post idola vestra ambulate, et servite eis. Quod si et in hoc non audieritis me, et nomen meum sanctum pollueritis ultra in muneribus vestris et in idolis vestris :
*H And as for you, O house of Israel: thus saith the Lord God: Walk ye every one after your idols, and serve them. But if in this also you hear me not, but defile my holy name any more with your gifts, and with your idols;
Ver. 39. Walk, &c. It is not an allowance, much less a commandment to serve idols; but a figure of speech, by which God would have them to understand, that if they would walk after their idols, they must not pretend to serve him at the same time: for that he would by no means suffer such a mixture of worship. Ch. S. Jer. — Continue, if you dare, to serve idols. I will still bring you back. C. — Sept. "take away each your devices; and then if you hear me, (Grabe's copy adds, not) and defile not my," &c. H. — God would rather have idolaters leave him wholly, than halt between two, (3 K. xviii.) neither hot nor cold; (Apoc. iii.) for such dishonour God's name the most. Rom. ii. 24. W.
Καὶ ὑμεῖς οἶκος Ἰσραὴλ, τάδε λέγει Κύριος Κύριος, ἕκαστος τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτοῦ ἐξάρατε, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰ ὑμεῖς εἰσακούετέ μου, καὶ τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ ἅγιον οὐ βεβηλώσετε οὐκέτι ἐν τοῖς δώροις ὑμῶν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ὑμῶν·
וְ/אַתֶּ֨ם בֵּֽית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל כֹּֽה אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהֹוִ֗ה אִ֤ישׁ גִּלּוּלָי/ו֙ לְכ֣וּ עֲבֹ֔דוּ וְ/אַחַ֕ר אִם אֵינְ/כֶ֖ם שֹׁמְעִ֣ים אֵלָ֑/י וְ/אֶת שֵׁ֤ם קָדְשִׁ/י֙ לֹ֣א תְחַלְּלוּ ע֔וֹד בְּ/מַתְּנֽוֹתֵי/כֶ֖ם וּ/בְ/גִלּוּלֵי/כֶֽם
20:40 in monte sancto meo, in monte excelso Israel, ait Dominus Deus, ibi serviet mihi omnis domus Israel : omnes, inquam, in terra in qua placebunt mihi : et ibi quaeram primitias vestras, et initium decimarum vestrarum, in omnibus sanctificationibus vestris.
*H In my holy mountain, in the high mountain of Israel, saith the Lord God, there shall all the house of Israel serve me; all of them I say, in the land in which they shall please me, and there will I require your firstfruits, and the chief of your tithes with all your sanctifications.
Ver. 40. Mountain. The foregoing verse, to make the sense complete, must be understood so as to condemn and reject that mixture of worship which the Jews then followed. In this verse God promises to the true Israelites, especially to those of the Christian Church, that they should serve him in another manner in his holy mountain, the spiritual Sion, and shall be accepted of by him. Ch.
Διότι ἐπι τοῦ ὄρους τοῦ ἁγίου μου, ἐπʼ ὄρους ὑψηλοῦ, λέγει Κύριος Κύριος, ἐκεῖ δουλεύσουσί μοι πᾶς οἶκος Ἰσραὴλ εἰς τέλος· καὶ ἐκεῖ προσδέξομαι, καὶ ἐκεῖ ἐπισκέψομαι τὰς ἀπαρχὰς ὑμῶν, καὶ τὰς ἀπαρχὰς τῶν ἀφορισμῶν ὑμῶν, ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἁγιάσμασιν ὑμῶν.
כִּ֣י בְ/הַר קָדְשִׁ֞/י בְּ/הַ֣ר מְר֣וֹם יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֔ה שָׁ֣ם יַעַבְדֻ֜/נִי כָּל בֵּ֧ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל כֻּלֹּ֖/ה בָּ/אָ֑רֶץ שָׁ֣ם אֶרְצֵ֔/ם וְ/שָׁ֞ם אֶדְר֣וֹשׁ אֶת תְּרוּמֹֽתֵי/כֶ֗ם וְ/אֶת רֵאשִׁ֛ית מַשְׂאוֹתֵי/כֶ֖ם בְּ/כָל קָדְשֵׁי/כֶֽם
20:41 In odorem suavitatis suscipiam vos, cum eduxero vos de populis, et congregavero vos de terris in quas dispersi estis : et sanctificabor in vobis in oculis nationum.
I will accept of you for an odour of sweetness, when I shall have brought you out from the people, and shall have gathered you out of the lands into which you are scattered, and I will be sanctified in you in the sight of the nations.
Ἐν ὀσμῇ εὐωδίας προσδέξομαι ὑμᾶς, ἐν τῷ ἐξαγαγεῖν με ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῶν λαῶν, καὶ εἰσδέχεσθαι ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῶν χωρῶν ἐν αἷς διεσκορπίσθητε ἐν αὐταῖς, καὶ ἁγιασθήσομαι ἐν ὑμῖν κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς τῶν λαῶν.
בְּ/רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹחַ֮ אֶרְצֶ֣ה אֶתְ/כֶם֒ בְּ/הוֹצִיאִ֤/י אֶתְ/כֶם֙ מִן הָ֣/עַמִּ֔ים וְ/קִבַּצְתִּ֣י אֶתְ/כֶ֔ם מִן הָ֣/אֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְפֹצֹתֶ֖ם בָּ֑/ם וְ/נִקְדַּשְׁתִּ֥י בָ/כֶ֖ם לְ/עֵינֵ֥י הַ/גּוֹיִֽם
20:42 Et scietis quia ego Dominus, cum induxero vos ad terram Israel, in terram pro qua levavi manum meam ut darem eam patribus vestris.
And you shall know that I am the Lord, when I shall have brought you into the land of Israel, into the land for which I lifted up my hand to give it to your fathers.
Καὶ ἐπιγνώσεσθε διότι ἐγὼ Κύριος, ἐν τῷ εἰσαγαγεῖν με ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν γῆν τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, εἰς τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ᾖρα τὴν χεῖρά μου τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτὴν τοῖς πατράσιν ὑμῶν.
וִֽ/ידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בַּ/הֲבִיאִ֥/י אֶתְ/כֶ֖ם אֶל אַדְמַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶל הָ/אָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת יָדִ֔/י לָ/תֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖/הּ לַ/אֲבֽוֹתֵי/כֶֽם
20:43 Et recordabimini ibi viarum vestrarum, et omnium scelerum vestrorum, quibus polluti estis in eis : et displicebitis vobis in conspectu vestro, in omnibus malitiis vestris quas fecistis.
*H And there you shall remember your ways, and all your wicked doings with which you have been defiled; and you shall be displeased with yourselves in your own sight, for all your wicked deeds which you committed.
Ver. 43. Committed. This is a picture of the converts to Christianity. C.
Καὶ μνησθήσεσθε ἐκεῖ τὰς ὁδοὺς ὑμῶν, καὶ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα ὑμῶν ἐν οἷς ἐμιαίνεσθε ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ κόψεσθε τὰ πρόσωπα ὑμῶν ἐν πάσαις ταῖς κακίαις ὑμῶν.
וּ/זְכַרְתֶּם שָׁ֗ם אֶת דַּרְכֵי/כֶם֙ וְ/אֵת֙ כָּל עֲלִיל֣וֹתֵי/כֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִטְמֵאתֶ֖ם בָּ֑/ם וּ/נְקֹֽטֹתֶם֙ בִּ/פְנֵי/כֶ֔ם בְּ/כָל רָעוֹתֵי/כֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשִׂיתֶֽם
20:44 Et scietis quia ego Dominus, cum benefecero vobis propter nomen meum, et non secundum vias vestras malas, neque secundum scelera vestra pessima, domus Israel, ait Dominus Deus.
And you shall know that I am the Lord, when I shall have done well by you for my own name's sake, and not according to your evil ways, nor according to your wicked deeds, O house of Israel, saith the Lord God.
Καὶ ἐπιγνώσεσθε διότι ἐγὼ Κύριος, ἐν τῷ ποιῆσαί με οὕτως ὑμῖν, ὅπως τὸ ὄνομά μου μὴ βεβηλωθῇ κατὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς ὑμῶν τὰς κακὰς, καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα ὑμῶν τὰ διεφθαρμένα, λέγει Κύριος.
וִֽ/ידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בַּ/עֲשׂוֹתִ֥/י אִתְּ/כֶ֖ם לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֑/י לֹא֩ כְ/דַרְכֵי/כֶ֨ם הָ/רָעִ֜ים וְ/כַ/עֲלִילֽוֹתֵי/כֶ֤ם הַ/נִּשְׁחָתוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥/י יְהוִֽה
20:45 Et factus est sermo Domini ad me, dicens :
And the word of the Lord came to me, saying:
21_1 וַ/יְהִ֥י דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥/י לֵ/אמֹֽר
20:46 [Fili hominis, pone faciem tuam contra viam austri, et stilla ad africum, et propheta ad saltum agri meridiani.
*H Son of man, set thy face against the way of the south, and drop towards the south, and prophesy against the forest of the south field.
Ver. 46. Of the south. Jerusalem lay towards the south of Babylon, where the prophet then was, and is here called the forest of the south field, and is threatened with utter desolation. Ch. See C. xxi. C. — In Jerusalem there were good and bad. W.
21_2 בֶּן אָדָ֗ם שִׂ֤ים פָּנֶ֨י/ךָ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ תֵּימָ֔נָ/ה וְ/הַטֵּ֖ף אֶל דָּר֑וֹם וְ/הִנָּבֵ֛א אֶל יַ֥עַר הַ/שָּׂדֶ֖ה נֶֽגֶב
20:47 Et dices saltui meridiano : Audi verbum Domini : Haec dicit Dominus Deus : Ecce ego succendam in te ignem, et comburam in te omne lignum viride, et omne lignum aridum : non extinguetur flamma succensionis : et comburetur in ea omnis facies ab austro usque ad aquilonem,
*H And say to the south forest: Hear the word of the Lord: Thus saith the Lord God: Behold I will kindle a fire in thee, and will burn in thee every green tree, and every dry tree: the flame of the fire shall not be quenched: and every face shall be burned in it, from the south even to the north.
Ver. 47. Burned, with war and famine. Jer. xxi. 14. C. — North, from Egypt to Mesopotamia. Theod. — Nabuchodonosor invaded those parts. H.
21_3 וְ/אָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לְ/יַ֣עַר הַ/נֶּ֔גֶב שְׁמַ֖ע דְּבַר יְהוָ֑ה כֹּֽה אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֡ה הִנְ/נִ֣י מַֽצִּית בְּ/ךָ֣ אֵ֡שׁ וְ/אָכְלָ֣ה בְ/ךָ֣ כָל עֵֽץ לַח֩ וְ/כָל עֵ֨ץ יָבֵ֤שׁ לֹֽא תִכְבֶּה֙ לַהֶ֣בֶת שַׁלְהֶ֔בֶת וְ/נִצְרְבוּ בָ֥/הּ כָּל פָּנִ֖ים מִ/נֶּ֥גֶב צָפֽוֹנָ/ה
20:48 et videbit universa caro quia ego Dominus succendi eam, nec extinguetur.]
And all flesh shall see, that I the Lord have kindled it, and it shall not be quenched.
21_4 וְ/רָאוּ֙ כָּל בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בִּֽעַרְתִּ֑י/הָ לֹ֖א תִּכְבֶּֽה
20:49 Et dixi : A, a, a, Domine Deus : ipsi dicunt de me : Numquid non per parabolas loquitur iste ?
*H And I said: Ah, ah, ah, O Lord God: they say of me: Doth not this man speak by parables?
Ver. 49. Parables. They were easy enough to understand, but the Jews would not comprehend them no more than our Saviour's words. Jo. x. 24. C. — Much of this prophecy was so hard, that all seemed to be parables. W.
21_5 וָ/אֹמַ֕ר אֲהָ֖הּ אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֑ה הֵ֚מָּה אֹמְרִ֣ים לִ֔/י הֲ/לֹ֛א מְמַשֵּׁ֥ל מְשָׁלִ֖ים הֽוּא