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31:1 Et factum est in anno undecimo, tertio mense, una mensis : factum est verbum Domini ad me, dicens :
* Footnotes
- A.M. 3416.
*H And it came to pass, in the eleventh year, the third month the first day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me, saying:
Ver. 1. Year, about a month before the fall of Jerusalem.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἑνδεκάτῳ ἔτει, ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ μηνὶ, μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς, ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρὸς μὲ, λέγων,
וַ/יְהִ֗י בְּ/אַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה בַּ/שְּׁלִישִׁ֖י בְּ/אֶחָ֣ד לַ/חֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֥ה דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥/י לֵ/אמֹֽר
31:2 Fili hominis, dic Pharaoni regi Aegypti et populo ejus : [Cui similis factus es in magnitudine tua ?
Son of man, speak to Pharao king of Egypt, and to his people: To whom art thou like in thy greatness?
'υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου, εἰπὸν πρὸς Φαραὼ βασιλέα Αἰγύπτου καὶ τῷ πλήθει αὐτοῦ,
בֶּן אָדָ֕ם אֱמֹ֛ר אֶל פַּרְעֹ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ מִצְרַ֖יִם וְ/אֶל הֲמוֹנ֑/וֹ אֶל מִ֖י דָּמִ֥יתָ בְ/גָדְלֶֽ/ךָ
31:3 ecce Assur quasi cedrus in Libano, pulcher ramis, et frondibus nemorosus, excelsusque altitudine, et inter condensas frondes elevatum est cacumen ejus.
*H Behold, the Assyrian like a cedar in Libanus, with fair branches, and full of leaves, of a high stature, and his top was elevated among the thick boughs.
Ver. 3. Assyrian. The ruin of this great empire (C.) might have admonished the king of Egypt of his frail condition. H. — About thirty-eight years before (C.) Ninive had been taken, and its king (Sarac or Chinaladan) slain by his own general, Nabopolassar, and by Astyages, of Media. They divided the empire between them, and the father of Nabuchodonosor fixed his residence at Babylon. Usher, A. 3378. — Cedar. Sept. "cypress." — Top; the king of Ninive. C. — Egypt's monarch thought himself invincible; yet would fall like the Assyrian. W.
Ἰδοὺ Ἀσσοὺρ κυπάρισσος ἐν τῷ Λιβάνῳ, καὶ καλὸς ταῖς παραφυάσι, καὶ ὑψηλὸς τῷ μεγέθει, εἰς μέσον νεφελῶν ἐγένετο ἡ ἀρχὴ αὐτοῦ.
הִנֵּ֨ה אַשּׁ֜וּר אֶ֣רֶז בַּ/לְּבָנ֗וֹן יְפֵ֥ה עָנָ֛ף וְ/חֹ֥רֶשׁ מֵצַ֖ל וּ/גְבַ֣הּ קוֹמָ֑ה וּ/בֵ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים הָיְתָ֖ה צַמַּרְתּֽ/וֹ
31:4 Aquae nutrierunt illum ; abyssus exaltavit illum : flumina ejus manabant in circuitu radicum ejus, et rivos suos emisit ad universa ligna regionis.
*H The waters nourished him, the deep set him tip on high, the streams thereof ran round about his roots, and it sent, forth its rivulets to all the trees of the country.
Ver. 4. Roots. Various nations paid tribute to the Assyrian, (S. Jer. C.) while he sent his troops, like rivulets, to keep all in subjection. Theod.
ὕδωρ ἐξέθρεψεν αὐτὸν, ἡ ἄβυσσος ὕψωσεν αὐτὸν, τοὺς ποταμοὺς αὐτῆς ἤγαγε κύκλῳ τῶν φυτῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ συστήματα αὐτῆς ἐξαπέστειλεν εἰς πάντα τὰ ξύλα τοῦ πεδίου.
מַ֣יִם גִּדְּל֔וּ/הוּ תְּה֖וֹם רֹֽמְמָ֑תְ/הוּ אֶת נַהֲרֹתֶ֗י/הָ הֹלֵךְ֙ סְבִיב֣וֹת מַטָּעָ֔/הּ וְ/אֶת תְּעָלֹתֶ֣י/הָ שִׁלְחָ֔ה אֶ֖ל כָּל עֲצֵ֥י הַ/שָּׂדֶֽה
31:5 Propterea elevata est altitudo ejus super omnia ligna regionis, et multiplicata sunt arbusta ejus, et elevati sunt rami ejus prae aquis multis.
Therefore was his height exalted above all the trees of the country and his branches were multiplied, and his boughs were elevated because of many waters.
Ἕνεκεν τούτου ὑψώθη τὸ μέγεθος αὐτοῦ παρὰ πάντα τὰ ξύλα τοῦ πεδίου, καὶ ἐπλατύνθησαν οἱ κλάδοι αὐτοῦ ἀφʼ ὕδατος πολλοῦ.
עַל כֵּן֙ גָּבְהָ֣א קֹמָת֔/וֹ מִ/כֹּ֖ל עֲצֵ֣י הַ/שָּׂדֶ֑ה וַ/תִּרְבֶּ֨ינָה סַֽרְעַפֹּתָ֜י/ו וַ/תֶּאֱרַ֧כְנָה פארת/ו פֹארֹתָ֛י/ו מִ/מַּ֥יִם רַבִּ֖ים בְּ/שַׁלְּחֽ/וֹ
31:6 Cumque extendisset umbram suam, in ramis ejus fecerunt nidos omnia volatilia caeli : et sub frondibus ejus genuerunt omnes bestiae saltuum, et sub umbraculo illius habitabat coetus gentium plurimarum.
And when he had spread forth his shadow, all the fowls of the air made their nests in his boughs, and all the beasts of the forest brought forth their young under his branches, and the assembly of many nations dwelt under his shadow.
Ἐν ταῖς παραφυάσιν αὐτοῦ ἐνόσσευσαν πάντα τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ὑποκάτω τῶν κλάδων αὐτοῦ ἐγεννῶσαν πάντα τὰ θηρία τοῦ πεδίου, ἐν τῇ σκιᾷ αὐτοῦ κατῴκησε πᾶν πλῆθος ἐθνῶν.
בִּ/סְעַפֹּתָ֤י/ו קִֽנְנוּ֙ כָּל ע֣וֹף הַ/שָּׁמַ֔יִם וְ/תַ֤חַת פֹּֽארֹתָי/ו֙ יָֽלְד֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַ/שָּׂדֶ֑ה וּ/בְ/צִלּ/וֹ֙ יֵֽשְׁב֔וּ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיִ֥ם רַבִּֽים
31:7 Eratque pulcherrimus in magnitudine sua, et in dilatatione arbustorum suorum : erat enim radix illius juxta aquas multas.
And he was most beautiful for his greatness, and for the spreading of his branches: for his root was near great waters.
Καὶ ἐγένετο καλὸς ἐν τῷ ὕψει αὐτοῦ διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν κλάδων αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἐγενήθησαν αἱ ῥίζαι αὐτοῦ εἰς ὕδωρ πολύ.
וַ/יְּיִ֣ף בְּ/גָדְל֔/וֹ בְּ/אֹ֖רֶךְ דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑י/ו כִּֽי הָיָ֥ה שָׁרְשׁ֖/וֹ אֶל מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים
31:8 Cedri non fuerunt altiores illo in paradiso Dei ; abietes non adaequaverunt summitatem ejus, et platani non fuerunt aequae frondibus illius : omne lignum paradisi Dei non est assimilatum illi, et pulchritudini ejus.
The cedars in the paradise of God were not higher than he, the fir trees did not equal his top, neither were the plane trees to be compared with him for branches: no tree in the paradise of God was like him in his beauty.
Καὶ κυπάρισσοι τοιαῦται ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ αἱ πίτυες οὐχ ὅμοιαι ταῖς παραφυάσιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐλάται οὐκ ἐγένοντο ὅμοιαι τοῖς κλάδοις αὐτοῦ· πᾶν ξύλον ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐχ ὡμοιώθη αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ κάλλει αὐτοῦ,
אֲרָזִ֣ים לֹֽא עֲמָמֻ/הוּ֮ בְּ/גַן אֱלֹהִים֒ בְּרוֹשִׁ֗ים לֹ֤א דָמוּ֙ אֶל סְעַפֹּתָ֔י/ו וְ/עַרְמֹנִ֥ים לֹֽא הָי֖וּ כְּ/פֹֽארֹתָ֑י/ו כָּל עֵץ֙ בְּ/גַן אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא דָמָ֥ה אֵלָ֖י/ו בְּ/יָפְיֽ/וֹ
31:9 Quoniam speciosum feci eum, et multis condensisque frondibus, et aemulata sunt eum omnia ligna voluptatis quae erant in paradiso Dei.]
For I made him beautiful and thick set with many branches: and all the trees of pleasure, that were in the paradise of God, envied him.
διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν κλάδων αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐζήλωσεν αὐτὸν τὰ ξύλα τοῦ παραδείσου τῆς τρυφῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ.
יָפֶ֣ה עֲשִׂיתִ֔י/ו בְּ/רֹ֖ב דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑י/ו וַ/יְקַנְאֻ֨/הוּ֙ כָּל עֲצֵי עֵ֔דֶן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּ/גַ֥ן הָ/אֱלֹהִֽים
31:10 [Propterea haec dicit Dominus Deus : Pro eo quod sublimatus est in altitudine, et dedit summitatem suam virentem atque condensam, et elevatum est cor ejus in altitudine sua :
Therefore thus saith the Lord God: Because he was exalted in height, and shot up his top green and thick, and his heart was lifted up in his height:
Διατοῦτο τάδε λέγει Κύριος, ἀνθʼ ὧν ἐγένου μέγας τῷ μεγέθει, καὶ ἔδωκας τὴν ἀρχήν σου εἰς μέσον νεφελῶν, καὶ εἶδον ἐν τῷ ὑψωθῆναι αὐτόν·
לָ/כֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבַ֖הְתָּ בְּ/קוֹמָ֑ה וַ/יִּתֵּ֤ן צַמַּרְתּ/וֹ֙ אֶל בֵּ֣ין עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וְ/רָ֥ם לְבָב֖/וֹ בְּ/גָבְהֽ/וֹ
31:11 tradidi eum in manu fortissimi gentium : faciens faciet ei : juxta impietatem ejus ejeci eum.
*H I have delivered him into the hands of the mighty one of the nations, he shall deal with him: I have cast him out according to his wickedness.
Ver. 11. I have delivered. Here the time past is put for the future; i.e. I shall deliver. — The mighty one, &c. viz. Nabuchodonosor, who conquered both the Assyrians and Egyptians; (Ch.) or rather his father, Nabopolassar, subdued the former. v. 3. H.
Καὶ παρέδωκα αὐτὸν εἰς χεῖρας ἄρχοντος ἐθνῶν, καὶ ἐποίησε τὴν ἀπώλειαν αὐτοῦ.
וְ/אֶ֨תְּנֵ֔/הוּ בְּ/יַ֖ד אֵ֣יל גּוֹיִ֑ם עָשׂ֤וֹ יַֽעֲשֶׂה֙ ל֔/וֹ כְּ/רִשְׁע֖/וֹ גֵּרַשְׁתִּֽ/הוּ
31:12 Et succident eum alieni, et crudelissimi nationum, et projicient eum super montes : et in cunctis convallibus corruent rami ejus, et confringentur arbusta ejus in universis rupibus terrae : et recedent de umbraculo ejus omnes populi terrae, et relinquent eum.
*H And strangers, and the most cruel of the nations shall cut him down, and cast him away upon the mountains, and his boughs shall fall in every valley, and his branches shall be broken on every rock of the country: and all the people of the earth shall depart from his shadow, and leave him.
Ver. 12. Strangers; revolted Assyrians. See Ps. xvii. 46.
Καὶ ἐξωλόθρευσαν αὐτὸν ἀλλότριοι λοιμοὶ ἀπὸ ἐθνῶν, καὶ κατέβαλον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρέων· ἐν πάσαις ταῖς φάραγξιν ἔπεσαν οἱ κλάδοι αὐτοῦ, καὶ συνετρίβη τὰ στελέχη αὐτοῦ ἐν παντὶ πεδίῳ τῆς γῆς, καὶ κατέβησαν ἀπὸ τῆς σκέπης αὐτῶν πάντες οἱ λαοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν, καὶ ἠδάφισαν αὐτόν.
וַ/יִּכְרְתֻ֧/הוּ זָרִ֛ים עָרִיצֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם וַֽ/יִּטְּשֻׁ֑/הוּ אֶל הֶ֠/הָרִים וּ/בְ/כָל גֵּ֨אָי֜וֹת נָפְל֣וּ דָלִיּוֹתָ֗י/ו וַ/תִּשָּׁבַ֤רְנָה פֹֽארֹתָי/ו֙ בְּ/כֹל֙ אֲפִיקֵ֣י הָ/אָ֔רֶץ וַ/יֵּרְד֧וּ מִ/צִּלּ֛/וֹ כָּל עַמֵּ֥י הָ/אָ֖רֶץ וַֽ/יִּטְּשֻֽׁ/הוּ
31:13 In ruina ejus habitaverunt omnia volatilia caeli, et in ramis ejus fuerunt universae bestiae regionis.
*H All the fowls of the air dwelt upon his ruins, and all the beasts of the field were among his branches.
Ver. 13. Branches. The nations continued, but submitted to another master.
Ἐπὶ τὴν πτῶσιν αὐτοῦ ἀνεπαύσαντο πάντα τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ στελέχη αὐτοῦ ἐγίνοντο πάντα τὰ θηρία τοῦ ἀγροῦ,
עַל מַפַּלְתּ֥/וֹ יִשְׁכְּנ֖וּ כָּל ע֣וֹף הַ/שָּׁמָ֑יִם וְ/אֶל פֹּארֹתָ֣י/ו הָי֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֥ת הַ/שָּׂדֶֽה
31:14 Quam ob rem non elevabuntur in altitudine sua omnia ligna aquarum, nec ponent sublimitatem suam inter nemorosa atque frondosa, nec stabunt in sublimitate sua omnia quae irrigantur aquis : quia omnes traditi sunt in mortem ad terram ultimam, in medio filiorum hominum, ad eos qui descendunt in lacum.
*H For which cause none of the trees by the waters shall exalt themselves for their height: nor shoot up their tops among the thick branches and leaves, neither shall any of them that are watered stand up in their height: for they are all delivered unto death to the lowest parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down into the pit.
Ver. 14. Pit. The new king would appoint fresh governors.
ὅπως μὴ ὑψωθῶσιν ἐν τῷ μεγέθει αὐτῶν πάντα τὰ ξύλα τὰ ἐν τῷ ὕδατι· καὶ ἔδωκαν τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτῶν εἰς μέσον νεφελῶν, καὶ οὐκ ἔστησαν ἐν τῷ ὕψει αὐτῶν πρὸς αὐτά· πάντες οἱ πίνοντες ὕδωρ, πάντες ἐδόθησαν εἰς θάνατον, εἰς γῆς βάθος, ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν ἀνθρώπων πρὸς καταβαίνοντας εἰς βόθρον.
לְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹא יִגְבְּה֨וּ בְ/קוֹמָתָ֜/ם כָּל עֲצֵי מַ֗יִם וְ/לֹֽא יִתְּנ֤וּ אֶת צַמַּרְתָּ/ם֙ אֶל בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים וְ/לֹֽא יַעַמְד֧וּ אֵלֵי/הֶ֛ם בְּ/גָבְהָ֖/ם כָּל שֹׁ֣תֵי מָ֑יִם כִּֽי כֻלָּ/ם֩ נִתְּנ֨וּ לַ/מָּ֜וֶת אֶל אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּ/ת֛וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם אֶל י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר
31:15 Haec dicit Dominus Deus : In die quando descendit ad inferos, induxi luctum : operui eum abysso, et prohibui flumina ejus, et coercui aquas multas : contristatus est super eum Libanus, et omnia ligna agri concussa sunt.
*H Thus saith the Lord God: In the day when he went down to hell, I brought in mourning, I covered him with the deep: and I withheld its rivers, and restrained the many waters: Libanus grieved for him, and all the trees of the field trembled.
Ver. 15. Waters, as if they bewailed his fate. C. — Those whom the king of Ninive had exalted, and the people, who wished not to submit to a foreigner, would no doubt lament the slaughtered monarch, now silent (H.) in the grave. Theod.
Τάδε λέγει Κύριος Κύριος, ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ κατέβη εἰς ᾅδου, ἐπένθησεν αὐτὸν ἡ ἄβυσσος· καὶ ἐπέστησα τοὺς ποταμοὺς αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐκώλυσα πλῆθος ὕδατος, καὶ ἐσκότασεν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ὁ Λίβανος, πάντα τὰ ξύλα τοῦ πεδίου ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἐξελύθησαν.
כֹּֽה אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣/י יְהוִ֗ה בְּ/י֨וֹם רִדְתּ֤/וֹ שְׁא֨וֹלָ/ה֙ הֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּי כִּסֵּ֤תִי עָלָי/ו֙ אֶת תְּה֔וֹם וָֽ/אֶמְנַע֙ נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔י/הָ וַ/יִּכָּלְא֖וּ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וָ/אַקְדִּ֤ר עָלָי/ו֙ לְבָנ֔וֹן וְ/כָל עֲצֵ֥י הַ/שָּׂדֶ֖ה עָלָ֥י/ו עֻלְפֶּֽה
31:16 A sonitu ruinae ejus commovi gentes cum deducerem eum ad infernum cum his qui descendebant in lacum : et consolata sunt in terra infima omnia ligna voluptatis egregia atque praeclara in Libano, universa quae irrigabantur aquis.
*H I shook the nations with the sound of his fall, when I brought him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of pleasure, the choice and best in Libanus, all that were moistened with waters, were comforted in the lowest parts of the earth.
Ver. 16. Comforted. The ghosts of princes who had been subject to Serac, seeing his fall, bore their own misfortune with greater content. In the grave there is no distinction of master and slave. C. — Surviving princes expected some emolument from the change. H.
Ἀπὸ τῆς φωνῆς τῆς πτώσεως αὐτοῦ ἐσείσθησαν τὰ ἔθνη, ὅτε κατεβίβαζον αὐτὸν εἰς ᾅδου μετὰ τῶν καταβαινόντων εἰς λάκκον, καὶ παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν ἐν γῇ πάντα τὰ ξύλα τῆς τρυφῆς, καὶ τὰ ἐκλεκτὰ τοῦ Λιβάνου πάντα τὰ πίνοντα ὕδωρ.
מִ/קּ֤וֹל מַפַּלְתּ/וֹ֙ הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי גוֹיִ֔ם בְּ/הוֹרִדִ֥/י אֹת֛/וֹ שְׁא֖וֹלָ/ה אֶת י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר וַ/יִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ בְּ/אֶ֤רֶץ תַּחְתִּית֙ כָּל עֲצֵי עֵ֔דֶן מִבְחַ֥ר וְ/טוֹב לְבָנ֖וֹן כָּל שֹׁ֥תֵי מָֽיִם
31:17 Nam et ipsi cum eo descendent in infernum ad interfectos gladio : et brachium uniuscujusque sedebit sub umbraculo ejus in medio nationum.
*H For they also shall go down with him to hell to them that are slain by the sword; and the arm of every one shall sit down under his shadow in the midst of the nations.
Ver. 17. Arm; those in power. Sept. "his seed." Heb. Zora, (H.) means both.
Καὶ γὰρ αὐτοὶ κατέβησαν μετʼ αὐτοῦ εἰς ᾅδου ἐν τοῖς τραυματίαις ἀπὸ μαχαίρας, καὶ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ὑπὸ τὴν σκέπην αὐτοῦ ἐν μέσῳ τῆς ζωῆς αὐτῶν ἀπώλοντο.
גַּם הֵ֗ם אִתּ֛/וֹ יָרְד֥וּ שְׁא֖וֹלָ/ה אֶל חַלְלֵי חָ֑רֶב וּ/זְרֹע֛/וֹ יָשְׁב֥וּ בְ/צִלּ֖/וֹ בְּ/ת֥וֹךְ גּוֹיִֽם
31:18 Cui assimilatus es, o inclyte atque sublimis inter ligna voluptatis ? ecce deductus es cum lignis voluptatis ad terram ultimam : in medio incircumcisorum dormies, cum eis qui interfecti sunt gladio : ipse est Pharao, et omnis multitudo ejus, dicit Dominus Deus.]
*H To whom art thou like, O thou that art famous and lofty among the trees of pleasure? Behold, thou art brought down with the trees of pleasure to the lowest parts of the earth: thou shalt sleep in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword: this is Pharao, and all his multitude, saith the Lord God.
Ver. 18. Famous king of Assyria, or of Egypt. — Pharao. C. —
Τίνι ὡμοιώθης; κατάβηθι, καὶ καταβιβάσθητι μετὰ τῶν ξύλων τῆς τρυφῆς εἰς γῆς βάθος· ἐν μέσῳ ἀπεριτμήτων κοιμηθήσῃ μετὰ τραυματιῶν μαχαίρας· οὕτως Φαραὼ καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ, λέγει Κύριος Κύριος.
אֶל מִ֨י דָמִ֥יתָ כָּ֛כָה בְּ/כָב֥וֹד וּ/בְ/גֹ֖דֶל בַּ/עֲצֵי עֵ֑דֶן וְ/הוּרַדְתָּ֨ אֶת עֲצֵי עֵ֜דֶן אֶל אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּ/ת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֤ים תִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת חַלְלֵי חֶ֔רֶב ה֤וּא פַרְעֹה֙ וְ/כָל הֲמוֹנֹ֔/ה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥/י יְהוִֽה